A Menacing Line of Hurricanes | NASA Earth

Meteorologists struggled to find the right words to describe the situation as a line of three hurricanes—two of them major and all of them threatening land—brewed in the Atlantic basin in September 2017.

Forecasters were most concerned about Irma, which was on track to make landfall in densely populated South Florida on September 10 as a large category 4 storm. Meanwhile, category 2 Hurricane Katia was headed for Mexico, where it was expected to make landfall on September 9. And just days after Irma devastated the Leeward Islands, the chain of small Caribbean islands braced for another blow—this time from category 4 Hurricane Jose.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite captured the data for a mosaic of Katia, Irma, and Jose as they appeared in the early hours of September 8, 2017. The images were acquired by the VIIRS “day-night band,” which detects light signals in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared, and uses filtering techniques to observe signals such as city lights, auroras, wildfires, and reflected moonlight. In this case, the clouds were lit by the nearly full Moon. The image is a composite, showing cloud imagery combined with data on city lights.

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens and Jesse Allen, using VIIRS day-night band data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership
Story Credit: Adam Voiland
Release Date: September 9, 2017

#NASA #NOAA #Earth #Science #Space #Satellite #Hurricane #Irma #Katia #Jose #Hurricanes #Infrared #Night #Caribbean #Sea #Atlantic #Ocean #Gulf #Mexico #PuertoRico #Hispaniola #Cuba #Florida #UnitedStates #Weather #Storm #SuomiNPP #VIIRS #Goddard #GSFC #STEM #Education #Infographic

Three Hurricanes in the Atlantic | NASA Earth

There was no shortage of storms brewing across the Atlantic basin in September 2017. On September 6, hurricanes Katia, Irma, and Jose lined up across the basin. The trio is visible in this image, captured that day by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite. The image is a mosaic, assembled from images acquired throughout the day during several orbits of the satellite.

On September 6, Katia had strengthened over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico and was upgraded from tropical storm to hurricane status. The eye of Irma, a raging category 5 storm, passed north of Puerto Rico but still delivered strong winds and rain the Caribbean island. Meanwhile, Jose spun in the central Atlantic Ocean, and was also upgraded that day from a tropical storm to hurricane.

The bright strips are reflected sunlight, or “glint,” which show up over ocean areas in the middle of each orbit.

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory image by Joshua Stevens, using VIIRS data from LANCE/EOSDIS Rapid Response
Caption Credit: Kathryn Hansen
Instrument: Suomi NPP - VIIRS
Release Date: September 8, 2017

#NASA #NOAA #Earth #Science #Space #Satellite #Hurricane #Irma #Katia #Jose #Hurricanes #Sunglint #Caribbean #Sea #Atlantic #Ocean #Gulf #Mexico #PuertoRico #Hispaniola #Cuba #Florida #UnitedStates #Leeward #Islands #Weather #Storm #SuomiNPP #VIIRS #Goddard #GSFC #STEM #Education

Tropical Triple Threat: 3 Hurricanes | NASA

Infrared images of Hurricane Katia in the Gulf of Mexico, Hurricane Irma (over Cuba), and Hurricane Jose (near Leeward Islands) in the Atlantic Ocean. Certainly a busy day for weather forecasters. Images from the GOES 16 weather satellite of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Credit: NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center (SPoRT)
Release Date: September 8, 2017

#NASA #NOAA #Earth #Science #Space #Satellite #Hurricane #Irma #Katia #Jose #Hurricanes #Caribbean #Sea #Atlantic #Ocean #Gulf #Mexico #PuertoRico #Hispaniola #Cuba #Florida #UnitedStates #Leeward #Islands #Weather #Storm #Infrared #Precipitation #GOES #GOES16 #SPoRT #MSFC #Marshall #Goddard #GSFC #STEM #Education

NASA's Voyager 1 Launches Aboard Titan III/Centaur in 1977

The Voyager 1 aboard the Titan III/Centaur lifted off on September 5, 1977, joining its sister spacecraft, the Voyager 2. NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft launched atop its Titan/Centaur-6 launch vehicle from the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex in Florida on September 5, 1977, at 8:56 a.m. local time.

The twin Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft are still operating and traveling where no spacecraft—or anything touched by humanity—has gone before. As we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Voyager 1 launch, we reflect on the vision that inspired the mission, its greatest achievements, and its enduring legacy.

Image Credit: NASA
Release Date: September 5, 2017
#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Voyager #Voyager1 #Launch #Jupiter #Saturn #Voyager2 #Spacecraft #SolarSystem #Interstellar #MilkyWay #Exploration #History #JPL #Pasadena #California #Kennedy #KSC #Florida #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

The Sun: 48 Hours - Sept. 4-5th, 2017 | NASA SDO

Solar Activity Before Two X-class Flares on Sept. 6th

Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Capture Dates: Sept. 4-5th, 2017
Release Date: Sept. 6, 20177

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Sun #Solar #Corona #Atmosphere #Sunspots #Plasma #Ultraviolet #Flares #Eruptions #Prominences #MagneticFIeld #GSFC #Goddard #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Hurricane Irma | International Space Station

Sept. 5, 2017: The eye of Hurricane Irma is clearly visible from the International Space Station as it orbited over the Category 5 storm on Sept. 5, 2017.

Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center
Image Date: September 5, 2017
Release Date: September 6, 2017

#NASA #Earth #Science #Space #ISS #Hurricane #Irma #Eye #Caribbean #Sea #Atlantic #Ocean #PuertoRico #Cuba #Florida #UnitedStates #Weather #Storm #Alert #Warning #JSC #STEM #Education

NASA Sees Irma Strengthen to a Category 5 Hurricane | Atlantic Ocean

Image: On Sept. 4 at 17:24 UTC, NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured this view of Hurricane Irma as a Category 4 hurricane approaching the Leeward Islands. | Sept. 5, 2017: On Sept. 4 at (1:24 p.m. EDT) 17:24 UTC, NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite captured this view of Hurricane Irma as a Category 4 hurricane approaching the Leeward Islands. The VIIRS instrument on the Suomi NPP satellite flew over Hurricane Irma on Sept. 4 at 04:32 UTC (12:32 a.m. EDT) when it was a Category 3 hurricane. VIIRS infrared data revealed very cold, very high, powerful thunderstorms on Irma's western side. Cloud top temperatures in that area were near minus 117.7 degrees Fahrenheit or minus 83.5 degrees Celsius. Storms with cloud tops that cold have the capability to generate very heavy rainfall.

At 8 a.m. EDT (1200 UTC) on Sept. 5, many warnings and watches were in effect. A Hurricane Warning is in effect for Antigua, Barbuda, Anguilla, Montserrat, St. Kitts, and Nevis, Saba, St. Eustatius, and Sint Maarten, Saint Martin and Saint Barthelemy, British Virgin Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra. A Hurricane Watch is in effect for Guadeloupe, Dominican Republic from Cabo Engano to the northern border with, Haiti. A Tropical Storm Warning is in effect for Guadeloupe and Dominica. A Tropical Storm Watch is in effect for Dominican Republic from south of Cabo Engao to Isla Saona.

At 8 a.m. EDT (1200 UTC), the National Hurricane Center said the distinct eye center of Hurricane Irma was located near 16.7 degrees north latitude and 57.7 degrees west longitude. That's about 270 miles (440 km) east of Antigua and about 280 miles (445 km) east-southeast of Barbuda.

Irma was moving toward the west near 14 mph (22 kph), and this general motion is expected to continue today, followed by a turn toward the west-northwest tonight. On the forecast track, the dangerous core of Irma will move near or over portions of the northern Leeward Islands tonight and early Wednesday, Sept. 6.

NHC noted that reports from NOAA and U.S. Air Force Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicate Irma continues to strengthen and maximum sustained winds have increased to near 175 mph (280 kph) with higher gusts. Irma is an extremely dangerous category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Some fluctuations in intensity are likely during the next day or two, but Irma is forecast to remain a powerful category 4 or 5 hurricane during the next couple of days. The latest estimated minimum central pressure from aircraft data is 929 millibars.

The National Hurricane Center expects Irma to maintain Major hurricane status (Category 3 or greater) through the forecast period (Sunday, Sept. 10).

For forecast updates, and expected rainfall, winds and storm surge for Irma, visit: www.nhc.noaa.gov

Credit: NOAA/NASA Goddard MODIS Rapid Response Team
Release Date: September 5, 2017

#NASA #NOAA #Earth #Science #Space #Satellite #Hurricane #Irma #Caribbean #Sea #Atlantic #Ocean #Leeward #Islands #PuertoRico #Cuba #Florida #UnitedStates #Weather #Storm #Precipitation #SuomiNPP #VIIRS #Health #Safety #Alert #Warning #Goddard #GSFC #STEM #Education

GOES Satellite Imagery of Hurricane Irma | NOAA

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite system (GOES) Category 5 Hurricane Irma as seen by GOES-16 (left) and GOES-13 (right), captured on the morning of September 5, 2017. The animation on the left clearly shows the improved resolution and faster refresh rate of the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) over the current GOES imager. The rapid scanning rate of the ABI allows forecasters to monitor hurricanes in near-real time, improving track forecasts. The higher spatial resolution available from ABI provides greater accuracy of feature attributes, allowing for better characterization of small hurricane eyes, which also helps with intensity estimation and tracking. The GOES-16 ABI also has additional channels, allowing forecasters to view storms in more wavelengths, and helping in estimation of central pressure and maximum sustained winds to assess hurricane intensity. Get the latest info on Irma at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ 

Credit: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) 
Duration: 6 seconds 
Capture date: September 5, 2017 

#NASA #NOAA #Earth #Science #Space #Satellite #Hurricane #Irma #Caribbean #Sea #Atlantic #Ocean #Leeward #Islands #PuertoRico #Cuba #Florida #UnitedStates #Weather #Storm #Precipitation #GOES #GOES13 #GOES16 #Health #Safety #Alert #Warning #Goddard #GSFC #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Mysterious supernovae | Hubble

Like firecrackers lighting up the sky on New Year’s Eve, the majestic spiral arms of NGC 5559 are alight with new stars being born. NGC 5559 is a spiral galaxy, with spiral arms filled with gas and dust sweeping out around the bright galactic bulge. These arms are a rich environment for star formation, dotted with a festive array of colors including the newborn stars glowing blue as a result of their immensely high temperatures.

NGC 5559 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1785 and lies approximately 240 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Boötes (the herdsman)

In 2001, a calcium-rich supernova called 2001co was observed in NGC 5559. Calcium-rich supernovae (Ca-rich SNe) are described as “fast-and-faint”, as they're less luminous than other types of supernovae and also evolve more rapidly, to reveal spectra dominated by strong calcium lines. 2001co occurred within the disc of NGC 5559 near star-forming regions, but Ca-rich SNe are often observed at large distances from the nearest galaxy, raising curious questions about their progenitors.

Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA
Release Date: September 4, 2017

#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Science #Space #Galaxy #NGC5559 #Spiral #Supernova #2001co #Calcium #Bootes #Stars #Cosmos #Universe #Telescope #HST #ESA #Goddard #GSFC #STScI #STEM #Education

Night Light

This image, taken by ESO Photo Ambassador Petr Horálek, captures the moment that Yepun (UT4), one of the four 8.2-meter Unit Telescopes comprising ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), shoots a laser beam up into the dark night sky over ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile.

The laser shown in this image acts as an artificial star, known as a Laser Guide Star, and it is used to help astronomers adjust for the blurring and distorting effects of the Earth’s atmosphere. When observing a patch of sky, astronomers set up a laser guide star nearby and measure the tiny fluctuations in its image. The VLT’s adaptive optics system can then use this reference to correct for the changes and distortions in the intervening atmosphere and produce the sharpest images possible in the main observations.

Looming over Yepun is the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a barred spiral galaxy that orbits the Milky Way. A faint white glow marks the location of older stellar populations within the LMC, while the iridescent hues of magenta and blue mark young stellar nurseries.

The LMC, as well as its smaller namesake, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), have been studied many times by ESO telescopes over the years. Its many cosmic delights, including nebulae and star clusters, can be seen in detail due to their proximity, and provide amateur and professional astronomers alike with breathtaking targets for observation.

European Southern Observatory (ESO)
http://www.eso.org

Credit: Petr Horálek/ESO
Petr's website: http://www.astronom.cz/horalek/
Release Date: September 4, 2017

#ESO #Astronomy #Science #Space #Stars #Star #MilkyWay #Galaxy #MagellanicCloud #LMC #Lasers #LaserGuide #Optics #Telescope #VLT #Paranal #Observatory #Chile #Atacama #SouthAmerica #Europe #Astrophotography #Photography #STEM #Education

Saturn's Rings from the Inside Out | NASA Cassini Mission

via GIPHY

What do Saturn's rings look like from Saturn? Images from the robotic spacecraft Cassini are providing humanity with this unprecedented vantage point as it nears the completion of its mission. Previous to Cassini's Grand Finale orbits, all images of Saturn's majestic ring system were taken from outside of the rings looking in. Pictured in the inset is the remarkable video, while the spacecraft's positions are depicted in the surrounding animation. Details of the complex rings are evident as the short time-lapse sequence begins, while the paper-thin thickness of the rings becomes apparent near the video's end. The featured images were taken on August 20. Cassini has only a few more orbits around Saturn left before it is directed to dive into the giant planet on September 15.

The Cassini mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA (the European Space Agency) and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and https://www.nasa.gov/cassini. The Cassini imaging team homepage is at https://ciclops.org.

Animation/GIF Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, Space Science Institute
Capture Date: August 20, 2017
Release Date: September 4, 2017

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Saturn #Planet #Rings #SolarSystem #Exploration #Cassini #Spacecraft #JPL #Caltech #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #ESA #ASI #STEM #Education #Animation #GIF #APoD

Voyager 40th Anniversary Grand Tour Poster | NASA JPL

Launched in 1977 on a tour of the outer planets of the Solar System, Voyager 1 and 2 have become the longest operating and most distant spacecraft from Earth. Nearly 16 light-hours from the Sun, Voyager 2 has reached the edge of the heliosphere, the realm defined by the influence of the solar wind and the Sun's magnetic field. Now humanity's first ambassador to the Milky Way, Voyager 1 is over 19 light-hours away, beyond the heliosphere in interstellar space. Celebrate the Voyagers' 40 year journey toward the stars with NASA on September 5.

Poster Illustration Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, Voyager
Release Date: September 2, 2017

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Voyager #Voyager1 #Jupiter #Saturn #Voyager2 #Spacecraft #SolarSystem #Interstellar #MilkyWay #Exploration #History #JPL #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Poster #Art

Voyager 40th Anniversary "Disco" Poster | NASA JPL

Launched in 1977 on a tour of the outer planets of the Solar System, Voyager 1 and 2 have become the longest operating and most distant spacecraft from Earth. Nearly 16 light-hours from the Sun, Voyager 2 has reached the edge of the heliosphere, the realm defined by the influence of the solar wind and the Sun's magnetic field. Now humanity's first ambassador to the Milky Way, Voyager 1 is over 19 light-hours away, beyond the heliosphere in interstellar space. Celebrate the Voyagers' 40 year journey toward the stars with NASA on September 5.

Poster Illustration Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, Voyager
Release Date: September 2, 2017

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Voyager #Voyager1 #Jupiter #Saturn #Voyager2 #Spacecraft #SolarSystem #Interstellar #MilkyWay #Exploration #History #JPL #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Poster #Art

Voyager 40th Anniversary Grand Tour Poster | NASA JPL

Launched in 1977 on a tour of the outer planets of the Solar System, Voyager 1 and 2 have become the longest operating and most distant spacecraft from Earth. Nearly 16 light-hours from the Sun, Voyager 2 has reached the edge of the heliosphere, the realm defined by the influence of the solar wind and the Sun's magnetic field. Now humanity's first ambassador to the Milky Way, Voyager 1 is over 19 light-hours away, beyond the heliosphere in interstellar space. Celebrate the Voyagers' 40 year journey toward the stars with NASA on September 5.

Poster Illustration Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, Voyager
Release Date: September 2, 2017

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Voyager #Voyager1 #Jupiter #Saturn #Voyager2 #Spacecraft #SolarSystem #Interstellar #MilkyWay #Exploration #History #JPL #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Poster #Art

Milky Way Voyager 40th Anniversary Poster | NASA JPL

Launched in 1977 on a tour of the outer planets of the Solar System, Voyager 1 and 2 have become the longest operating and most distant spacecraft from Earth. Nearly 16 light-hours from the Sun, Voyager 2 has reached the edge of the heliosphere, the realm defined by the influence of the solar wind and the Sun's magnetic field. Now humanity's first ambassador to the Milky Way, Voyager 1 is over 19 light-hours away, beyond the heliosphere in interstellar space. Celebrate the Voyagers' 40 year journey toward the stars with NASA on September 5.

Poster Illustration Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, Voyager
Release Date: September 2, 2017

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Voyager #Voyager1 #Jupiter #Saturn #Voyager2 #Spacecraft #SolarSystem #Interstellar #MilkyWay #Exploration #History #JPL #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Poster #Art #APoD

Catastrophic Storm Seen from Space on This Week @NASA

Sept. 1, 2017: We worked with our partner agencies to use space-based assets to capture imagery of Hurricane Harvey that impacted the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast region. Imagery captured from the vantage point of space, provides data that weather forecasters, emergency responders and other officials can use to better inform the public. Views from the International Space Station, and NOAA’s GOES East satellite showed the massive size and movement of the storm. While our Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission analyzed the storm’s record-breaking rainfall—which led to catastrophic flooding in Texas and Louisiana. Due to the storm, our Johnson Space Center in Houston is closed through Labor Day, while the region recovers, but Mission Control remains operational in support of the crew aboard the International Space Station.

Also, Final RS-25 Engine Test of the Summer, Key SLS Rocket Hardware Finished, and Researching Quiet Supersonic Flight!

Credit: NASA
Duration: 2 minutes, 24 seconds
Release Date: September 1, 2017

#NASA #NOAA #Earth #Science #Space #ISS #SLS #Rocket #Satellite #TropicalDepression #TropicalStorm #Hurricane #Harvey #Louisiana #Texas #UnitedStates #Weather #Storm #Precipitation #Rainfall #Goddard #GSFC #Supersonic #Flight #STEM #Education #HD #Video