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Comparing Black Holes: M87* and Sgr A* in Our Milky Way Galaxy
How do the black holes M87* and Sgr A* differ in size—and how did this affect imaging each black hole? Learn how the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration captures images of these objects that are constantly on the move.
Video Credit: Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (SAO) / Crazybridge Studios
Comparing Two Black Holes: Sagittarius A* in Our Milky Way and M87*
Size comparison of the two black holes imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration: M87*, at the heart of the galaxy Messier 87, and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at the center of the Milky Way. The image shows the scale of Sgr A* in comparison with both M87* and other elements of the Solar System such as the orbits of Pluto and Mercury. Also displayed is the Sun’s diameter and the current location of NASA's Voyager 1 space probe, the furthest spacecraft from Earth launched in 1977. M87*, which lies 55 million light-years away, is one of the largest black holes known. While Sgr A*, 27,000 light-years away, has a mass roughly four million times the Sun’s mass, M87* is more than 1000 times more massive. Because of their relative distances from Earth, both black holes appear the same size in the sky.
Credit: EHT collaboration (acknowledgment: Lia Medeiros, xkcd)/European Southern Observatory (ESO)
This artist’s impression depicts a rapidly spinning supermassive black hole surrounded by an accretion disc. This thin disc of rotating material consists of the leftovers of a Sun-like star which was ripped apart by the tidal forces of the black hole. The black hole is labeled, showing the anatomy of this fascinating object.
What does it take to capture an image of the black hole at the center of our galaxy? This video explains how the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) works, and how astronomers managed to create one massive Earth-sized telescope big enough to “see” at the edge of black holes.
Credit: European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Directed by: Martin Wallner and Herbert Zodet.
Editing : Herbert Zodet and Martin Wallner.
Web and technical support: Gurvan Bazin and Raquel Yumi Shida.
Written by: Martin Wallner, Giulio Mazzolo and Bárbara Ferreira.
Narration: Colin Griffiths-Brown.
Music: Stellardrone — Ethereal/Open Cluster and Azul Cobalto
Zoom into Black Hole at the Center of Our Milky Way Galaxy | ESO
Watch as this video sequence zooms into the black hole (Sgr A*) at the centre of our galaxy. Beginning with a broad view of the Milky Way, we dive into the dense clouds of gas and dust at our galactic center. The stars here have been observed with the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope and ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer for decades, the black hole’s immense gravitational pull distorting the orbits of the stars closest to it. Finally, we arrive at Sgr A*, the first image of which has been captured by the EHT collaboration. The black hole is shown by a dark central region called a shadow, surrounded by a ring of luminous gas and dust.
The various observations used here were taken at different times, by different teams and with different facilities, and put together for the purpose of the zoom effect. The images go from visible wavelengths at the beginning to infrared, with the very final image being taken at radio wavelengths.
First Image of Black Hole at Center of Milky Way Galaxy | Event Horizon Telescope
This is the first image of Sagittarius A*, or Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. It is the first direct visual evidence of the presence of this black hole. It was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), an array which links together eight existing radio observatories across the planet to form a single Earth-sized virtual telescope. The telescope is named after the "event horizon", the boundary of the black hole beyond which no light can escape.
Although we cannot see the event horizon itself, because it cannot emit light, glowing gas orbiting around the black hole reveals a telltale signature: a dark central region, called a "shadow," surrounded by a bright ring-like structure. The new view captures light bent by the powerful gravity of the black hole, which is 4 million times more massive than our sun. The image of the Sgr A* black hole is an average of the different images that the EHT Collaboration has extracted from its 2017 observations.
European Robotic Arm Installed by Russian Cosmonauts | International Space Station
The European robotic arm (ERA) is pictured extending out from the Nauka multipurpose laboratory module during a mobility test several days after Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Artemyev and Denis Matveev activated the ERA during a seven-hour and 42-minute spacewalk.
The European Robotic Arm (ERA) successfully made its first moves in orbit during the 250th spacewalk to upgrade the International Space Station (ISS).
Two spacewalkers worked outside the orbiting lab for 7 hours and 42 minutes on April 28, 2022. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Artemyev and Denis Matveev removed thermal blankets and then unlocked the robotic arm.
The duo released the launch locks that held the arm in its folded configuration for the journey to space last year. Inside the International Space Station, crewmate Sergey Korsakov monitored the first commanded movements of the robotic arm.
The robotic arm brings new ways of operating automated machines to the orbital complex. ERA has the ability to perform many tasks automatically or semi-automatically, can be directed either from inside or outside the ISS, and it can be controlled in real time or preprogrammed.
The International Space Station already has two robotic arms—Canadian and Japanese robots play a crucial role in berthing spacecraft and transferring payloads and astronauts.
ERA is the first robot capable of ‘walking’ around the Russian parts of the orbital complex. It can handle components up to 8000kg with 5mm precision, and it will transport astronauts from one working site to another.
More information about the European Robotic Arm: https://bit.ly/3PdQibl
An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.
NASA’s SpaceX Crew-3 Talks with Media Post-Mission
NASA astronauts Kayla Barron, Raja Chari and Tom Marshburn, as well as ESA astronaut Matthias Maurer of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-3 mission, answered questions about their recent mission aboard the International Space Station during a post-splashdown news conference on Wednesday, May 11, 2022. They returned to Earth in a parachute-assisted splashdown in SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft Endurance on Friday, May 6, off the coast of Florida after a 177-day space mission. During their science expedition aboard the International Space Station, the Crew-3 astronauts conducted experiments, including a study on concrete hardening in microgravity, research on cotton varieties that could help develop drought-resistant plants, and executed a space archaeology study that could provide information that contributes to the design of future space habitats.
An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.
SWOT: NASA-CNES Satellite to Survey the World's Water—Mission Overview
NASA and CNES (French Space Agency) are collaborating to make the first global survey of Earth's surface fresh water and study fine-scale ocean currents with a new mission called SWOT, or Surface Water and Ocean Topography. SWOT will collect data on the height of Earth’s salt and fresh water—including oceans, lakes, and rivers—enabling researchers to track the location of water over time, which will help measure the effects of climate change.
SWOT is expected to launch from Vandenberg Space Force Base in central California in November 2022.
SWOT is a collaboration between NASA and the French space agency Centre National d’Etudes Spatial (CNES), with contributions from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and United Kingdom Space Agency (UK Space Agency).
Earth from Orbit: First Imagery from New GOES-18 Weather Satellite | NOAA
On May 11, 2022, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) shared the first images of the Western Hemisphere from its new GOES-18 satellite. The satellite’s Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) instrument recently captured stunning views of Earth.
GOES-18, NOAA’s newest geostationary satellite, launched on March 1, 2022. The ABI views Earth with sixteen different channels, each measuring energy at different wavelengths along the electromagnetic spectrum to obtain information about Earth’s atmosphere, land, and ocean.
GOES-18 orbits 22,236 miles above the equator at the same speed the Earth rotates. This allows the satellite to constantly view the same area of the planet and track weather conditions and hazards as they happen.
The ABI provides high-resolution imagery and atmospheric measurements for short-term forecasts and severe weather warnings. ABI data is also used for detecting and monitoring environmental hazards such as wildfires, dust storms, volcanic eruptions, turbulence, and fog.
Data from multiple ABI channels can be combined to create imagery that approximates what the human eye would see from space—a result known as GeoColor. Combining data from different channels in different ways also allows meteorologists to highlight features of interest.
Recently, GOES-18 observed a number of weather events, environmental phenomena, and striking views of our planet. Storms across east Texas produced large hail, strong wind gusts, and tornadoes. Farther west in New Mexico, strong winds resulted in large areas of blowing dust and expansion of large wildfires. Fog blanketed parts of Chile in South America, and clouds and some thunderstorms formed along sea breezes in the Yucatan and south Florida.
GOES-18 is currently undergoing post-launch testing, validation and calibration of its instruments and systems to prepare it for operations. The ABI cooling system is performing well, with no signs of the issue that affects its sister satellite, GOES-17. The ABI was redesigned for GOES-18 to reduce the likelihood of future cooling system anomalies. The new design uses a simpler hardware configuration that eliminates the filters that are susceptible to debris.
GOES-18 will assist GOES-17 with GOES West operations in late summer 2022 and again in early fall. NOAA plans for GOES-18 to replace GOES-17 as GOES West in early 2023. Imagery from GOES-18 during the post-launch testing phase should be considered preliminary and non-operational.
Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
NASA's SpaceX Crew-3 Dragon Undocking | International Space Station
The SpaceX Dragon Endurance crew ship carrying four Crew 3 astronauts back to Earth is pictured from a window on the International Space Station following its undocking from the Harmony module's forward port. Crew 3 Commander Raja Chari led Pilot Tom Marshburn and Mission Specialists Kayla Barron and Matthias Maurer inside Endurance as they reentered Earth's atmosphere and parachuted to a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Tampa, Florida, United States, the following day.
An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.
Experience Boeing Starliner's Rocket Rollout | NASA Kennedy
Experience rollout from the Starliner spacecraft's perspective with this time lapse video of Starliner making the journey from our Commercial Crew & Cargo Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center to United Launch Alliance's Vertical Integration Facility at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. The Starliner was secured atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket for Boeing’s second Orbital Flight Test (OFT-2) to the International Space Station for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program (CCP).
Stay tuned for all dynamic phases of Starliner's Orbital Flight Test-2, beginning with launch on May 19.
Boeing's Starliner and SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft have been developed and tested to fly astronauts to and from the International Space Station from U.S. soil.
Learn more about NASA’s Commercial Crew Program at:
Samantha & Jessica Talk with AP & ABC News | International Space Station
Aboard the International Space Station, NASA Expedition 67 Flight Engineer Jessica Watkins and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti discussed living and working in space during an in-flight interview May 10, 2022, with the Associated Press (AP) and ABC News. Watkins and Cristoforetti are in the midst of a six-month long mission living and working aboard the microgravity laboratory to advance scientific knowledge and demonstrate new technologies for future human and robotic exploration missions as part of NASA’s Moon and Mars exploration approach, including lunar missions through NASA’s Artemis program.
An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.
European Space Agency Astronaut Matthias Maurer Returns to Germany
European Space Agency astronaut Matthias Maurer is back in Cologne, Germany, after 177 days in space and 175 days aboard the International Space Station for his first mission ‘Cosmic Kiss’.
The Crew Dragon spacecraft carrying Matthias and his Crew-3 crewmates, NASA astronauts Raja Chari, Thomas Marshburn and Kayla Barron, splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Tampa, Florida, USA on Friday, May 6, 2022. The journey from the International Space Station to splashdown took just over 23 hours.
After its water landing, the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft was hoisted aboard a recovery boat where the hatch was opened, and the astronauts were welcomed home.
Matthias underwent initial medical checks aboard the boat before being flown by helicopter to shore and boarding a plane to Cologne. He will spend the next weeks participating in debriefings, providing samples for scientific evaluation and readapting to Earth’s gravity at ESA’s European Astronaut Centre (EAC) and the German Aerospace Centre’s (DLR) ‘Envihab’ facility.
Galaxies are the visible foundation of the universe; each one a collection of stars, planets, gas, dust, and dark matter held together by gravity. Hubble’s observations give us insight into how galaxies form, grow, and evolve through time.
Hubble’s namesake, astronomer Edwin Hubble, pioneered the study of galaxies based simply on their appearance. He divided galaxies into three basic forms.
This “Field Guide” will quickly teach you those three basic forms, and some new ones that astronomers have added over the years!
Images of Edwin Hubble via Edwin P. Hubble Papers of the Huntington Library, San Mario, California.
Music Credits:
“Gravity Cruise - Underscore” by Jon Buster Cottam [PRS], and Samuel William John Walker [PRS] via Ninja Tune Production Music, and Universal Production Music
NASA Astronaut Jessica Watkin's View of Earth | International Space Station
NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins floats in the International Space Station’s cupola, a direct nadir viewing window from which Earth and celestial objects are visible.
Watkins reported for duty in August 2017 and completed two years of training as an astronaut candidate. Her astronaut candidate training included scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in space station's systems, spacewalks, robotics, physiological training, T-38 flight training, water and wilderness survival training, geology training, and expeditionary skills training.
Watkins also served as an aquanaut crew member in the Aquarius underwater habitat for the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, or NEEMO, 23 mission in 2019.
Watkins is currently serving as a mission specialist on NASA’s SpaceX Crew-4 mission to the International Space Station, which launched on April 27, 2022.
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