Meet CAPSTONE, NASA’s New Lunar Pathfinder

Meet CAPSTONE, NASA’s New Lunar Pathfinder

The Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment, or CAPSTONE, will be the first spacecraft to fly a unique orbit around the Moon intended for NASA’s future Artemis lunar outpost Gateway. Its six-month mission will help launch a new era of deep space exploration. 

Multiple partner businesses contributed to CAPSTONE with support from NASA's small business programs. The spacecraft was built and tested by Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., a Terran Orbital Corporation, operated and managed by Advanced Space, and will be launched by Rocket Lab USA, Inc. 

Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/capstone

NASA's Ames Research Center is located in California's Silicon Valley. Follow us on social media to hear about the latest developments in space, science, technology, and aeronautics. 

Video Credit: NASA’s Ames Research Center  

Music Provided by Universal Production Music: Pillow Talk by Andrew Joseph Carpenter  

Duration: 56 seconds

Release Date: June 24, 2022

#NASA #Space #Satellite #Artemis #Moon #CAPSTONE #CubeSat #RocketLab #PeterBeck #Rocket #Electron #Cislunar #Orbit #Technology #Engineering #Navigation #Experiment #LunarGateway #Gateway #DeepSpace #Spaceflight #SolarSystem #Exploration #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Looking to Power Surface Exploration on the Moon | This Week @NASA

Looking to Power Surface Exploration on the Moon | This Week @NASA  

Week of June 24, 2022: Looking to power surface exploration on the Moon, new imagery from the surface of Mars, and our newest flight directors . . . a few of the stories to tell you about –This Week at NASA!

Credit: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Producer: Andre Valentine

Editor: Sonnet Apple

Music: Universal Production Music

Duration: 3 minutes, 48 seconds

Release Date: June 24, 2022

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Moon #Artemis #Mars #Curiosity #Rover #ISS #CommercialCrew #JPL #FlightDirectors #Astronauts #JSC #TheColorofSpace #Documentary #Science #Technology #Engineering #STEM #Education #HD #Video

The Baby Eagle Nebula: LBN 777 | Mayall Telescope

The Baby Eagle Nebula: LBN 777 | Mayall Telescope

This image was obtained with the wide-field view of the Mosaic camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. LBN 777 is a portion of the large cloud of dust and gas known as the Taurus Molecular Cloud. The brownish color is caused by large dust grains embedded in the gas. The dust reflects the light of the stars inside and near the nebula. The image was generated with observations in B (blue), V (green) and I (red) filters. In this image, North is down, East is to the right.

Credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) and H. Schweiker (WIYN and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA)

Release Date: June 30, 2020

#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #BabyEagleNebula #LBN777 #Nebula #TaurusMolecularCloud #Stars #Taurus #Constellation #Mayall #Telescope #Optical #Cosmos #Universe #NOIRLab #AURA #NSF #KittPeak #Tucson #Arizona #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Water Activity on Mars: Young Fluvial Channels in Margaritifer Terra | NASA MRO

Water Activity on Mars: Young Fluvial Channels in Margaritifer Terra | NASA MRO

Margaritifer Terra is the most impressive water-modified landscape on Mars that preserves the highest density of valley networks on the planet. 

Black and white images are less than 5 km across.

The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) captured these images.

MRO is led by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which is a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California.

For more information, visit:

https://mars.nasa.gov/mro

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/MRO/mission/index.html

Video Credit: University of Arizona/UAHiRISE

Narration: Tre Gibbs

Tre's website: www.tregibbs.com

Duration: 46 seconds

Release Date: June 23, 2022

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Mars #RedPlanet #Planet #Water #Geology #FluvialChannels #MargaritiferTerra #MRO #Reconnaissance #Orbiter #HiRISE #Camera #Technology #Engineering #JPL #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #JourneyToMars #CitizenScience #STEM #Education #HD #Video

NASA's Space to Ground: Wearable Wireless | Week of June 24, 2022

NASA's Space to Ground: Wearable Wireless | Week of June 24, 2022

NASA's Space to Ground is your weekly update on what's happening aboard the International Space Station. NASA and Northrop Grumman are continuing to work on a plan for the Cygnus space freighter to try another reboost attempt as early as Saturday, June 25, that would lead to Cygnus potentially departing the station next Tuesday, June 28. The plan is being discussed with the International Space Station partners this week and a forward plan is expected as early as Thursday. The reboost is designed to provide Cygnus with an enhanced capability for station operations as a standard service for NASA. Cygnus arrived at the orbital outpost in February 2022 and is slated to depart from the International Space Station (ISS) later this month when it will be deorbited to burn up harmlessly in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Learn more about the important research being operated on ISS:

https://www.nasa.gov/iss-science 

For more information about STEM on ISS:

https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation

Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM) Education

Expedition 67 Crew

Commander Oleg Artemyev (Russia)

Roscosmos Flight Engineers: Denis Matveev and Sergey Korsakov (Russia)

NASA Flight Engineers: Kjell Lindgren, Bob Hines, Jessica Watkins (USA)

European Space Agency (ESA) Flight Engineer: Samantha Cristoforetti (Italy)

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.

Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)

Duration: 2 minutes, 54 minutes

Release Date: June 24, 2022

#NASA #Space #ISS #Cygnus #Spacecraft #Cargo #CommercialResupply #NorthropGrumman #Astronauts #Cosmonauts #FlightEngineers #HumanSpaceflight #Science #Technology #Engineering #Research #UnitedStates #Canada #Europe #Italy #Italia #Japan #日本 #Russia #Россия #International #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Sun Ray Burst Above Shark Bay | International Space Station

Sun Ray Burst Above Shark Bay | International Space Station

The sun's rays burst above Earth's horizon as the International Space Station orbited 264 miles above Western Australia on the coast of Shark Bay.

The International Space Station orbits 354 kilometers (220 miles) above the Earth, completing one trip around the globe every 92 minutes. Cruising along at 27,700 km (17,200 miles) per hour, crew members experience 15 or 16 sunrises and sets every day.

Expedition 67 Crew

Commander Oleg Artemyev (Russia)

Roscosmos Flight Engineers: Denis Matveev and Sergey Korsakov (Russia)

NASA Flight Engineers: Kjell Lindgren, Bob Hines, Jessica Watkins (USA)

European Space Agency (ESA) Flight Engineer: Samantha Cristoforetti (Italy)

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.

Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)

Image Date: June 10, 2022

#NASA #Space #ISS #Sun #Earth #Planet #Atmosphere #Sunshine #Orbital #Australia #SharkBay #Ocean #Gascoyne #Astronauts #Photography #Science #HumanSpaceflight #Expedition67 #Europe #UnitedStates #International #STEM #Education

Orbital Sunrise | International Space Station

Orbital Sunrise | International Space Station

The first rays of an orbital sunrise illuminate Earth's atmosphere as the International Space Station orbited 263 miles above southern Mozambique near the coast of the Mozambique channel.

Expedition 67 Crew

Commander Oleg Artemyev (Russia)

Roscosmos Flight Engineers: Denis Matveev and Sergey Korsakov (Russia)

NASA Flight Engineers: Kjell Lindgren, Bob Hines, Jessica Watkins (USA)

European Space Agency (ESA) Flight Engineer: Samantha Cristoforetti (Italy)

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.

Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)

Image Date: June 15, 2022

#NASA #Space #ISS #Sun #Earth #Planet #Atmosphere #Sunrise #Orbital #Mozambique #Africa #Astronauts #Photography #Science #HumanSpaceflight #Expedition67 #Europe #UnitedStates #International #STEM #Education

Arianespace Flight VA257 Launched Satellites for India & Malaysia

Arianespace Flight VA257 Launched Satellites for India & Malaysia

On Wednesday, June 22, 2022, at 06:50 pm local time, an Ariane 5 launcher lifted off from the Guiana Space Center, Europe’s Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana (South America), successfully orbiting two geostationary telecommunication satellites, MEASAT-3d and GSAT-24.

MEASAT-3d, to be co-located with MEASAT-3a and MEASAT-3b in the 91.5°E orbital slot, is a multi-mission telecommunications satellite built by Airbus Defence and Space. It will significantly enhance broadband speeds of up to 100 Mbps per user in areas with limited or no terrestrial network throughout Malaysia, while continuing to provide redundancy and additional capacity for video distribution in HD, 4K, and ultimately 8K in the Asia-Pacific region.

MEASAT-3d will also carry an extremely innovative payload on behalf of the Korean operator KTSAT to significantly improve air traffic control in South Korea.

GSAT-24 is a Ku-band 4-ton class communications satellite built by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) for NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) that will provide high-quality television, telecommunications and broadcasting services across India. It will be the first “Demand Driven” communications satellite mission undertaken by NSIL.

The Ariane 5 heavy-lift launcher is a European Space Agency (ESA) program carried out in cooperation between public institutions and industry across 12 European partner states.

ArianeGroup is the lead contractor for the development and production of Ariane 5. During launch campaigns, Arianespace works closely with CNES, who is the design authority for the Ariane 5 and controls the satellite preparation facilities.

Credit: Arianespace

Duration: 1 minute, 26 seconds

Release Date: June 23, 2020

#Arianespace #NASA #ESA #CNES #Earth #Space #Satellites #MEASAT3d #Malaysia #GSAT24 #India #ISRO #Telecommunications #Rocket #Ariane5 #HeavyLift #Geostationary #LEO #Spaceport #Kourou #FrenchGuiana #SouthAmerica #Europe #Science #Technology #Engineering #Airbus #STEM #Education #HD #Video

NASA's Mars Perseverance & Curiosity Rovers—New June 2022 Images | JPL

NASA's Mars Perseverance & Curiosity Rovers—New June 2022 Images | JPL

Mission Name: Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)

Rover Name: Curiosity

Landing Date: Aug. 5, 2012, Gale Crater, Mars

Mission Name: Mars 2020

Rover Name: Perseverance

Landing Date: Feb. 18, 2021, Jezero Crater, Mars

NASA's Curiosity Mars rover captured this view of the sulfate-bearing region and upper Mount Sharp in a dust haze on May 26, 2022, on sol 3,485 (Martian day) of the mission. The panorama consists of 46 images.

Hogwallow Flats - Mars2020 - sol 474. Panorama of 26 images by Navcam Left camera

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Thomas Appéré

MSL - Sol 3509 - Mastcam panorama

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill

Zoom on Hogwallow Flats with Remote Micro Imager, Mars2020, sol 436

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/LANL/CNES/IRAP/Thomas Appéré

Mars 2020 Bonus Close-up Image Release Date: June 16, 2022 

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Mars 2020 Bonus Close-up Image Release Date: June 16, 2022 

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Mars 2020 Bonus Close-up Image Release Date: June 16, 2022 

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

"The Bacon Strip" - Mars 2020 Bonus Close-up Image Release Date: June 16, 2022 

Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

For more information on NASA's Mars missions, visit mars.nasa.gov

Image Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University (ASU)/Malin Space Science Systems(MSSS)/Thomas Appéré/Kevin M. Gill

Image Release Dates: June 16-23, 2022

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Mars #RedPlanet #Planet #Astrobiology #Geology #Jezero #Crater #MountSharp #GaleCrater #Perseverance #Curiosity #Rovers #Robotics #Technology #Engineering #JPL #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #JourneyToMars #CitizenScience #STEM #Education

How Scientists Study Wind on Mars | NASA JPL

How Scientists Study Wind on Mars | NASA JPL

NASA Mars News Report—June 22, 2022

NASA's spacecraft on Mars are all affected by the winds of the Red Planet, which can produce a tiny dust devil or a global dust storm. 

NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Deputy Project Scientist Leslie Tamppari explains how images from the orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera help scientists better understand Martian winds. With the help of 80,000 citizen scientists sorting through the orbiter’s images, hundreds of thousands of wind “fans” were identified on the surface of Mars. 

Scientists use wind to understand the climate of Mars today and in the past. These wind data can also help them study why some dust storms grow to become global and others do not. Studying wind and dust will help future spacecraft and human missions. 

For more information on NASA's Mars missions, visit mars.nasa.gov

Video Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University (ASU)/Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS)/University of Arizona (UA)

Duration: 3 minutes

Release Date: June 22, 2022

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Mars #RedPlanet #Planet #Atmosphere #Wind #MRO #Reconnaissance #Orbiter #Technology #Engineering #JPL #Pasadena #California #UnitedStates #JourneyToMars #CitizenScience #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Martian Dunes in Meridiani Planum | Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Martian Dunes in Meridiani Planum | Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Obiter (MRO) monitors dune fields across Mars to track how they are changing. The mobile sand also cleans dust off of the bedrock in inter-dune areas, providing good views of the bedrock structures and colors.

Here we see subtle color differences between layers, and a dense network of fractures. The dunes, in contrast, are uniformly dark and relatively blue in enhanced color (really grey but less red than the bedrock, so they appear blue here. Image is less than 1 km across and is 272 km above the surface.)

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UArizona

Caption Credit: Alfred McEwen

Image Date: January 15, 2022 

Release Date: May 17, 2022

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Mars #Planet #Science #Geology #Landscape #Terrain #Geoscience #RedPlanet #MRO #Reconnaissance #Orbiter #Spacecraft #HiRISE #Camera #JPL #Caltech #University #Arizona #UA #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Landsat: Celebrating 50 Years | USGS

Landsat: Celebrating 50 Years | USGS

50 years of teamwork. 50 years of innovation. 50 years of resilience. In 1966, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall announced his vision to create a program aimed at gathering facts about the natural resources of the Earth from Earth orbiting satellites. It was a bold proclamation. It was also an idea that worked and continues to work 50 years on.

The Landsat program conceived of in the 1960s, has been running longer than any remote sensing program. The idea was simple: position a satellite in a nearly polar orbit fixed to the solar angle so that each daytime pass would cross the equator at roughly the same local time.

Data representing bands of the spectrum are captured and processed into grayscale recordings, which can be combined to create natural looking views like this or false color views like this. Nine Landsat satellites have been launched in partnership with NASA since 1972.

Learn more about the USGS Landsat Program:

https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions

Video Credit: United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Duration: 20 minutes (Extended Edition)

Release Date: June 22, 2022

#NASA #Space #Earth #Planet #USGS #NOAA #Satellites #Landsat #50thAnniversary #RemoteSensing #EarthObservation #Environment #Climate #ClimateChange #GlobalWarming #Goddard #GSFC #UnitedStates #International #History #STEM #Education #HD #Video

The James Webb Space Telescope: Revealing the First Galaxies

The James Webb Space Telescope: Revealing the First Galaxies

Take a trip through time and space to the early universe with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. How will Webb reveal the never-before-seen first galaxies? What are astronomers looking for?

Video Credits: NASA, European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Danielle Kirshenblat of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)

Designers: Greg Bacon, Leah Hustak, Joe Olmsted, Dani Player

Scientists: Quyen Hart, Dan Coe

Writer: Leah Ramsay

Educator: Holly Ryer

All images, illustrations and videos courtesy of NASA and STScI except:

First Galaxies Formation Animation: Courtesy of The SPHINX collaboration

Footage & Music: Courtesy of Pond 5, Premium Beat, Soundstripe

Narration: Courtesy of Bunny Studio

Duration: 3 minutes, 30 seconds

Release Date: June 22, 2022

#NASA #Astronomy #Science #Space #Telescope #JWST #JamesWebb #Galaxies #Stars #Exoplanets #Planets #SolarSystem #Astrophysics #Astrobiology #Cosmos #Universe #ESA #CSA #Goddard #GSFC #JSC #UnitedStates #Europe #Canada #STScI #STEM #Education #HD #Video

"The Middle East" | International Space Station

"The Middle East" | International Space Station

Countries of the "Middle East" as seen from the International Space Station and photographed by European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti of Italy.

Learn about Samantha's Minerva Mission: https://bit.ly/MissionMinerva

Samantha Cristoforetti's Biography (ESA)

https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Samantha_Cristoforetti

Expedition 67 Crew

Commander Oleg Artemyev (Russia)

Roscosmos Flight Engineers: Denis Matveev and Sergey Korsakov (Russia)

NASA Flight Engineers: Kjell Lindgren, Bob Hines, Jessica Watkins (USA)

European Space Agency (ESA) Flight Engineer: Samantha Cristoforetti (Italy)

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.

Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)/ESA/Samantha Cristoforetti

Image Date: June 20, 2022

#NASA #Space #ISS #Earth #Planet #MiddleEast #Egypt #Israel #Syria #Lebanon #Jordan #SaudiArabia #Turkey #Cyprus #UnitedNations #Italy #Italia #ESA #Astronaut #SamanthaCristoforetti #Minerva #MissionMinerva #ASI #Photography #Science #HumanSpaceflight #Expedition67 #Europe #UnitedStates #International #STEM #Education

Close Encounters: SpaceX Cargo Dragon Backs Away | International Space Station

Close Encounters: SpaceX Cargo Dragon Backs Away | International Space Station

The SpaceX Cargo Dragon resupply ship is pictured as it backs away from the International Space Station's forward-facing international docking adapter. The Cargo Dragon's beacon lights and a plume from one of its engines during its departure burn made for a colorful show. 

This image is reminiscent of special effects used in the 1978 science fiction film "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" directed by Steven Spielberg: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075860

This Dragon spacecraft launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket Aug. 29, 2021, from Space Launch Complex 39A at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida and arrived at the station the following day with more than 4,800 pounds of science, supplies and cargo on SpaceX’s 23rd commercial resupply mission to the station for NASA.

NASA's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program (C3PO)

https://www.nasa.gov/offices/c3po/home/

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS): A New Era in Spaceflight Report [Free PDF Download]: 

http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/SP-2014-617.pdf

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.

Credit: NASA's Johson Space Center

Image Date: Sept. 30, 2021

#NASA #Space #ISS #SpaceX #Dragon #Spacecraft #CRS23 #Cargo #CommercialResupply #Astronauts #LaunchAmerica #Laboratory #Research #Science #Technology #HumanSpaceflight #UnitedStates #Europe #Russia #Россия #Japan #日本 #Canada #Expedition65 #STEM #Education

Aurora Streaming over Earth | International Space Station

 Auroras Streaming over Earth | International Space Station

Auroras vividly streamed over the Earth as the International Space Station orbited above.

A aurora vividly streams over the Earth as the International Space Station orbited 273 miles above the southern Indian Ocean in between Australia and Antarctica.

Image Date: October 10, 2021

A vivid aurora streams over the Earth as the International Space Station orbited 274 miles above the southern Indian Ocean in between Australia and Antarctica.

Image Date: October 12, 2021

A faint aurora beneath a starry sky is pictured from the International Space Station as it orbited 273 miles above the southern Indian Ocean in between Australia and Antarctica.

Image Date: October 10, 2021

An aurora dimly intersects with Earth's airglow as the International Space Station flew into an orbital sunrise 264 miles above the Pacific Ocean before crossing over Canada.

Image Date: October 30, 2021

A vivid aurora streams over the Earth as the International Space Station orbited 273 miles above the southern Indian Ocean in between Australia and Antarctica.

Image Date: October 11, 2021

An aurora streams over the Earth as the International Space Station orbited 273 miles above the southern Indian Ocean in between Australia and Antarctica.

Image Date: October 13, 2021

A bright aurora crowns Earth's horizon beneath a starry sky as the International Space Station flew into an orbital sunrise 264 miles above north Montana in the United States.

Image Date: October 30, 2021

An aurora is pictured below the International Space Station as it was orbiting 274 miles above the southern Pacific Ocean just south of Auckland Island, New Zealand. In the foreground (from left) are, the Soyuz MS-19 crew ship docked to the Rassvet module and the Soyuz MS-18 crew ship docked to the Nauka multipurpose laboratory module.

Image Date: October 9, 2021

Auroras are produced when the Earth's magnetosphere is sufficiently disturbed by the solar wind that the trajectories of charged particles in both solar wind and magnetospheric plasma, mainly in the form of electrons and protons, precipitate them into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere) due to Earth's magnetic field, where their energy is lost. The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emits light of varying color and complexity.

[Wikipedia]

Learn more: 

The Colors of the Aurora (National Park Service)

https://www.nps.gov/articles/-articles-aps-v8-i1-c9.htm

NASA - About Aurora

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/aurora-news-stories/index.html

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the  International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.

Learn more about the important research being operated on the ISS: 

https://www.nasa.gov/iss-science 

For more information about STEM on Station: https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation

STEM is an acronym for the fields of science, technology, engineering and math.

Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)

Image Capture Dates: Oct. 9-30, 2021

#NASA #ISS #Earth #Planet #Atmosphere #Science #Aurora #AuroraAustralis #AuroraBorealis #EarthObservation #Astronauts #HumanSpaceflight #Expedition65 #Expedition66 #Technology #Photography #JSC #UnitedStates #OverviewEffect #OrbitalPerspective #International #STEM #Education