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Landsat Next Defined: The Future of Earth Observation Satellites | NASA Goddard
Landsat Next is on the horizon—the new mission will not only ensure continuity of the longest space-based record of Earth’s land surface, it will fundamentally transform the breadth and depth of actionable information freely available to end users.
Let's take a look at the new capabilities that will define the next Landsat mission, which will unlock new applications for water quality, crop production, soil health and much more.
The Landsat Program is a series of Earth-observing satellite missions jointly managed by NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat satellites have been consistently gathering data about our planet since 1972. They continue to improve and expand this unparalleled record of Earth's changing landscapes for the benefit of all.
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)/Scientific Visualization Studio
Astronomer Suzanna Randall Presents "Science Fact or Fiction?" | ESO
Chasing Starlight 2: Explore the science behind some of the most popular science fiction movies, such as Avatar and Interstellar. In this episode, European Southern Observatory (ESO) astronomer, Suzanna Randall, explores what is fact and what is fiction in Avatar’s Alpha Centauri system, Betelgeuse’s fate and Interstellar’s Gargantua black hole. Along the way see how discoveries made with ESO’s telescopes help us get a deeper appreciation of the world of science fiction.
00:00 Introduction
00:43 Avatar’s planet Pandora
03:56 Red supergiant star Betelgeuse
06:58 Interstellar’s Gargantua black hole
Credits:
Directed by: Martin Wallner, Luis Calçada, Martin Kornmesser
Hosted by: Suzanna Randall
Written by: Jonas Enander, Claudia Sciarma, Bárbara Ferreira, Martin Wallner
Editing: Martin Kornmesser
Videography: Angelos Tsaousis
Footage and photos: Y. Beletsky (LCO)/ESO, ESO/B. Tafreshi, ESO/M. Kornmesser, ESO/L. Calçada, ESO/ NEAR Collaboration, NASA-JPL/Caltech, spaceengine.org, timemagazine, INAOE Archives, N. Patel, EAO-W. Montgomerie, D. Harvey, N. Billot, Wikipedia, S. R. Schimpf, IRAM, ESO/B. Tafreshi (twanight.org), N. Risinger (skysurvey.org), NASA, ESA, EHT Collaboration, Solar Dynamics Observatory, videvo, Digitized Sky Survey 2, Davide De Martin, José Francisco Salgado (josefrancisco.org)
Animations & Infographics: Luis Calçada, Martin Kornmesser
Web and technical support: Gurvan Bazin and Raquel Yumi Shida
Produced by ESO, the European Southern Observatory (eso.org)
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Movie clips:
Avatar (2009)
20th Century Fox, Lightstorm Entertainment, Dune Entertainment, Ingenious Film Partners, James Cameron (director), James Cameron (producer), Jon Landau (producer)
Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)
Lightstorm Entertainment, TSG Entertainment Finance LLC, James Cameron (director), Richard Baneham (executive producer), James Cameron (producer p.g.a.), Jon Landau (producer p.g.a.), Peter M. Tobyansen (executive producer: Prep Only), David Valdes (executive producer), Brigitte Yorke (associate producer)
Lost in Space (2018 – 2021)
Netflix, Irwin Allen (creator) , Matt Sazama (creator), Burk Sharpless (creator) Sazama Sharpless Productions, Applebox Entertainment, Synthesis Entertainment, Clickety-Clack Productions, Legendary Television
Beetlejuice (1988)
Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., Tim Burton (director), Michael Bender (producer), Larry Wilson (producer), Richard Hashimoto (producer)
Blade Runner (1982)
Alcon Entertainment, Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., Ridley Scott (director), Michael Deeley (producer)
The Black Hole (1979)
Walt Disney Productions, Gary Nelson (director), Ron Miller (producer)
Interstellar (2014)
Legendary Pictures, Syncopy, Christopher Nolan (director), Emma Thomas (producer), Christopher Nolan (producer), Lynda Obst (producer)
NASA Psyche Spacecraft Prepared for Launch to Metal-Rich Asteroid
NASA's Psyche spacecraft is shown in a clean room on June 26, 2023, at Astrotech Space Operations Facility near the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida
A team working on NASA’s Psyche spacecraft transitioning it from a vertical to horizontal test configuration during prelaunch processing inside the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center
Inside the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, technicians prepare to move the agency’s Psyche spacecraft—recently removed from its shipping container and inside a protective covering—to a work stand
NASA's Psyche spacecraft is nearly complete. Here it is shown in a clean room at Astrotech Space Operations Facility near the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Engineers and technicians from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California have begun final assembly, test, and launch operations on Psyche, with assembly of the spacecraft all but complete except for the installation of the solar arrays and the imagers. NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) technology demonstration, testing high-data-rate laser communications, remains integrated into the spacecraft. A final suite of tests will be run on the vehicle, after which it will be fueled and then mated onto a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket just prior to launch, targeted for no earlier than October 2023.
Destination: Only the 16th asteroid to be discovered, Psyche was found in 1852 by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis, who named it for the goddess of the soul in ancient Greek mythology. It has a mean diameter of approximately 220 kilometers (140 mi) and contains about one percent of the mass of the asteroid belt.
What gives asteroid Psyche great scientific interest is that it is likely rich in metal. It may consist largely of metal from the core of a planetesimal, one of the building blocks of the Sun’s planetary system. At Psyche scientists will explore, for the first time ever, a world made not of rock or ice, but rich in metal.
Arizona State University leads the Psyche mission. the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, is responsible for the mission’s overall management, system engineering, integration and test, and mission operations. Maxar Technologies is providing the high-power solar electric propulsion spacecraft chassis. Psyche was selected in 2017 as the 14th mission under NASA’s Discovery Program.
For more information about NASA’s Psyche mission go to:
This mega-mosaic, high-resolution image shows the Tulip Nebula (just right of center) in the constellation Cygnus at a distance of 6,000 light years. The bright star at the lower right of the nebula is SAO69116 at magnitude 3.89—visible with the naked-eye from a relatively dark site. There are two open clusters of stars to the left of the nebula: the Northern Cross NGC6871, and the Red Necked Emu NGC6883. Towards the top of the image, note a very red star. This is an s-type star having a B-V (color) index of 2.57 which means that it appears very red.
Astrophotographer Greg Parker: "I created this deep-sky high-resolution mosaic using DSS2 (Deep-Sky Survey 2) data downloaded using the SkyView Query Form. Noel Carboni's Astronomy Tools Actions Set were used to create an RGB image from the red and blue channel FITS DSS2 data, and then Photoshop was used to further process the data. The program RegiStar was then used to stitch all the individual frames together to give the final 15-frame wide-field mosaic."
NASA's X-59 Supersonic Research Aircraft Makes a Critical California Move
NASA's X-59 supersonic research aircraft parked inside the hangar with a head-on view
NASA’s X-59 moves to Run Stall 5. Technicians check out the X-59 supersonic aircraft as it sits near the runway at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works in Palmdale, California.
NASA’s X-59 research aircraft has moved from its construction site to the flight line—or the space between the hangar and the runway—at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works in Palmdale, California, on June 16, 2023. This milestone kicks off a series of ground tests to ensure the X-59 is safe and ready to fly.
The X-59 is designed to fly faster than Mach 1 while reducing the resulting sonic boom to a thump for people on the ground. NASA will evaluate this technology during flight tests as part of the agency’s Quesst mission, which helps enable commercial supersonic air travel over land.
For more information about NASA's quiet supersonic mission, visit:
The Webb Telescope Finds Distant Black Hole in Early Universe | This Week @NASA
What the James Webb Space Telescope found way back in the early Universe, another hot trip around the Sun for our Parker Solar Probe, and we are back in touch with our helicopter on Mars . . . a few of the stories to tell you about—This Week at NASA!
Credit: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Video Producer, Editor, & Narrator: Andre Valentine
This is a two-pane mosaic of the Cygnus region of the Milky Way that features the popular Crescent Nebula (top center) along with the much lesser-known Soap Bubble Nebula (bottom center). Both are emission type nebulae. The Crescent Nebula measures some 25 light years across and is approximately 5,000 light years distant. The very dim and only recently discovered Soap Bubble Nebula (first identified in 2008) lies between 4,000 and 5,000 light years away.
The Crescent Nebula was formed by the fast stellar wind from the Wolf-Rayet star WR 136 (HD 192163) colliding with and energizing the slower moving wind ejected by the star when it became a red giant. The result is a shell and two shock waves, one moving outward and one moving inward. The inward moving shock wave heats the stellar wind to X-ray-emitting temperatures.
China's New Underground Neutrino Observatory Completes Key Structure | CGTN
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is being built 700 meters below Jiangmen City in south China's Guangdong Province, has completed the installation of the equatorial layer of its core—a huge plexiglass spherical structure. According to He Wei, leader of the stainless steel main structure project and on-site installation manager, it is the largest single plexiglass structure in the world. China's next-generation neutrino detector is expected to be completed by the end of 2023 and put into use in 2024.
With a wall thickness of 120 mm and a weight of more than 600 tons, the plexiglass spherical structure's production and construction are unprecedented. Upon completion, it will be filled with 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator, the target substance for capturing neutrinos. Liquid scintillation counting is the measurement of radioactive activity. It uses the technique of mixing an active material with a liquid scintillator and counting the resultant photon emissions. It will be used at JUNO for the detection of cosmic neutrinos.
Neutrinos are fundamental particles that far outnumber all the atoms in the universe, but rarely interact with other matter. Astrophysicists are particularly interested in high-energy neutrinos, which have energies up to 1,000 times greater than those produced by the most powerful particle colliders on Earth. They think the most extreme events in the universe, like violent galactic outbursts, accelerate particles to nearly the speed of light. Those particles then collide with light or other particles to generate high-energy neutrinos. The first confirmed high-energy neutrino source, announced in 2018, was a type of active galaxy called a blazar.
Video Credit: China Central Television (CCTV)
File Footage: Aug. 19, 2022
Story Credit: CCTV/China Global Television Network (CGTN)/NASA
"This pretty starfield spans about three full moons (1.5 degrees) across the heroic northern constellation of Perseus. Caldwell 14 holds the famous pair of open star clusters, h and Chi Persei. Also cataloged as NGC 869 (top) and NGC 884, both clusters are about 7,000 light-years away and contain stars much younger and hotter than the Sun. Separated by only a few hundred light-years, the clusters are both 13 million years young based on the ages of their individual stars, evidence that they were likely a product of the same star-forming region. Always a rewarding sight in binoculars, the Double Cluster is even visible to the unaided eye from dark locations."
The Moon begins setting below Earth's horizon as the atmosphere refracts its light making it appear flatter in this photograph taken from the International Space Station (ISS). Image captured as the ISS orbited 262 miles above the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Namibia in Africa.
Station Commander: Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos (Russia)
Roscosmos (Russia): Flight Engineers Dmitri Petelin & Andrey Fedyaev
Flight Engineer Sultan Alneyadi of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
NASA: Flight Engineers Frank Rubio, Stephen Bowen, Warren Hoburg
An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.
Station Commander: Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos (Russia)
Roscosmos (Russia): Flight Engineers Dmitri Petelin & Andrey Fedyaev
Flight Engineer Sultan Alneyadi of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
NASA: Flight Engineers Frank Rubio, Stephen Bowen, Warren Hoburg
An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.
An Orbital Sunrise Illuminates Earth's Atmosphere | International Space Station
An orbital sunrise begins to illuminate Earth's atmosphere in this photograph from the International Space Station as it orbited 270 miles above the south Pacific Ocean about 2,200 miles west of New Zealand.
Station Commander: Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos (Russia)
Roscosmos (Russia): Flight Engineers Dmitri Petelin & Andrey Fedyaev
Flight Engineer Sultan Alneyadi of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
NASA: Flight Engineers Frank Rubio, Stephen Bowen, Warren Hoburg
An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada. The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program ever undertaken.
EPIC Earth View: The Deep Space Climate Observatory (2015-2023) | NOAA/NASA
Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR): Celebrating The 8-Year Anniversary (2015-2023)
From one million miles away, the DSCOVR satellite returned its first view of the entire sunlit side of Earth in this image from July 2015. The journey has been a long one. Once known as Triana, the satellite was conceived in 1998 to provide continuous views of Earth, to monitor the solar wind, and to measure fluctuations in Earth’s albedo. The mission was put on hold in 2001, and the partly-built satellite ended up in storage for several years with an uncertain future. In 2008, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the U.S. Air Force decided to refurbish and update the spacecraft for launch.
On Feb. 11, 2015, DSCOVR was finally lofted into space by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. After a journey of about 1.6 million kilometers (1 million miles) to the L1 Lagrange Point, the satellite and its Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) has returned its first view of the entire sunlit side of Earth. At L1—four times farther than the orbit of the Moon—the gravitational pull of the Sun and Earth cancel out, providing a stable orbit and a continuous view of Earth. This image was made by combining information from EPIC’s red, green, and blue bands. (Bands are narrow regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to which a remote sensing instrument responds. When EPIC collects data, it takes a series of 10 images at different bands—from ultraviolet to near-infrared.)
This first public image shows the effects of sunlight scattered by air molecules, giving the disk a characteristic bluish tint. Data from EPIC is used to measure ozone and aerosol levels in Earth’s atmosphere, as well as cloud height, vegetation properties, and the ultraviolet reflectivity of Earth. NASA will use this data for a number of Earth science applications, including dust and volcanic ash maps of the entire planet.
“This first DSCOVR image of our planet demonstrates the unique and important benefits of Earth observation from space,” said ex-NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. “As a former astronaut who’s been privileged to view the Earth from orbit, I want everyone to be able to see and appreciate our planet as an integrated, interacting system.”
How to Make Full-Color Images from Infrared Data | James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope’s raw data initially appear in black and white. Here, Alyssa Pagan, a science visuals developer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, shares how staff assign color and compose Webb’s final images to emphasize scientifically valuable details. She also explains how infrared light is different than visible light, and how staff compose the final full-color images.
Read the companion article "How Webb Full-color Images are Made?":
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, Danielle Kirshenblat of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
Video and Writing Team:
Greg Bacon, Jackie Barrientes, Claire Blome, Joseph DePasquale, Quyen Hart, Joyce Kang, Danielle Kirshenblat, Kelly Lepo, Alyssa Pagan, Yessi Perez
Special thanks to Leah Hustak, Macarena Garcia Marin, Christine Warfield
All images, illustrations, and videos courtesy of NASA and STScI
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