Thursday, November 28, 2024

Thanksgiving Celebrations in Space (1973-2024)

Thanksgiving Celebrations in Space (1973-2024)

The four NASA astronauts of Expedition 72 aboard the International Space Station sent down an American Thanksgiving message video highlighting their upcoming meal and expressing their gratitude for their families and living and working in space on Wednesday, November 27, 2024. The quartet along with the three Roscosmos cosmonauts aboard the space station took the day off on Thursday, November 28, enjoying a hearty meal, talking to family members on the ground, and relaxing aboard the orbital outpost.

We hope you enjoyed these stories and photographs from Thanksgivings celebrated in space. We would like to wish everyone here on the ground and the seven-member crew of Expedition 72 aboard the space station a very Happy Thanksgiving! For NASA astronauts Barry “Butch” E. Wilmore and Donald R. Pettit, this will mark the third time they celebrate the holiday in space.

The Thanksgiving holiday typically brings families and friends together in a celebration of common gratitude for all the good things that have happened during the previous year. People celebrate the holiday in many ways, with parades, football marathons, and attending services, but food remains the over-arching theme. For astronauts embarked on long-duration space missions, separation from family and friends is inevitable and they rely on fellow crew members to share in the tradition and enjoy the culinary traditions as much as possible. 

Over the past decades, astronauts have celebrated the holiday during their time in space in a variety of unique ways. Enjoy the stories and photographs from orbital Thanksgiving celebrations over the years.

Skylab 4 astronauts Edward G. Gibson, left, William R. Pogue, and Gerald P. Carr demonstrate eating aboard Skylab during Thanksgiving in 1973.

Skylab 4 astronauts Gerald P. Carr, Edward G. Gibson, and William R. Pogue hold the distinction as the first crew to celebrate Thanksgiving in space on Nov. 22, 1973. On that day, their seventh of an 84-day mission, Gibson and Pogue completed a 6-hour and 33-minute spacewalk, while Carr remained in the Multiple Docking Adapter, with no access to food. All three made up for missing lunch by consuming two meals at dinner time, although neither included special items for Thanksgiving.

Twelve years passed before the next orbital Thanksgiving celebration. On Nov. 28, 1985, the seven-member crew of STS-61B, NASA astronauts Brewster H. Shaw, Bryan D. O’Connor, Jerry L. Ross, Mary L. Cleave, and Sherwood C. “Woody” Spring, and payload specialists Charles D. Walker from the United States and Rodolfo Neri Vela from Mexico, feasted on shrimp cocktail, irradiated turkey, and cranberry sauce aboard the space shuttle Atlantis.

STS-80 astronauts Tamara E. Jernigan, left, Kent V. Rominger, and Thomas D. Jones enjoy Thanksgiving dinner in Columbia’s middeck in 1996.
Neri Vela introduced tortillas to space menus, and they have remained favorites among astronauts ever since. Unlike regular bread, tortillas do not create crumbs, a potential hazard in weightlessness, and have multiple uses for any meal of the day. The crew of STS-33, NASA astronauts Frederick D. Gregory, John E. Blaha, Manley L. “Sonny” Carter, F. Story Musgrave, and Kathryn C. Thornton, celebrated Thanksgiving aboard space shuttle Discovery in 1989. Gregory and Musgrave celebrated their second Thanksgiving in space two years later, joined by fellow STS-44 NASA astronauts Terrence T. “Tom” Henricks, James S. Voss, Mario Runco, and Thomas J. Hennen aboard space shuttle Atlantis.

In 1996, Blaha celebrated his second Thanksgiving in space with Russian cosmonauts Valeri G. Korzun and Aleksandr Y. Kaleri aboard the space station Mir. Blaha watched the beautiful Earth through the Mir windows rather than his usual viewing fare of football. The STS-80 crew of NASA astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell, Kent V. Rominger, Tamara E. Jernigan, Thomas D. Jones, and Musgrave, now on his third turkey day holiday in orbit, celebrated Thanksgiving aboard space shuttle Columbia. Although the eight crew members worked in different spacecraft in different orbits, they exchanged holiday greetings via space-to-space radio. This marked the largest number of people in space on Thanksgiving Day up to that time.

One year later, NASA astronaut David A. Wolf celebrated Thanksgiving with his Russian crewmates Anatoli Y. Solovev, who translated the holiday into Russian as den blagodarenia, and Pavel V. Vinogradov aboard the Soviet/Russian space station, Mir. The word Mir in Russian means 'peace' or 'world'. The crew enjoyed smoked turkey, freeze-dried mashed potatoes, peas, and milk. Also in orbit at the time was the crew of STS-87, NASA astronauts Kevin R. Kregel, Steven W. Lindsey, Kalpana Chawla, and Winston E. Scott, Takao Doi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and Leonid K. Kadenyuk of Ukraine, aboard Columbia. The nine crew members aboard the two spacecraft broke the one-year-old record for the largest number of people in space at one time for Thanksgiving, also setting the record for the most nations represented, four.

NASA astronaut Frank L. Culbertson, left, and Vladimir N. Dezhurov of Roscosmos enjoy Thanksgiving dinner aboard the International Space Station in 2001.

The Expedition 1 crew of NASA astronaut William M. Shepherd, and Yuri P. Gidzenko and Sergei K. Krikalev of Roscosmos celebrated the first Thanksgiving aboard the International Space Station on Nov. 23, 2000, three weeks after their arrival aboard the facility. The crew took time out of their busy schedule to enjoy ham and smoked turkey and send words of thanks to people on the ground who provided excellent support to their flight. Crews have celebrated Thanksgiving in space every November since then.

In 2001, Expedition 3 crew members NASA astronaut Frank L. Culbertson, and Vladimir N. Dezhurov and Mikhail V. Tyurin of Roscosmos enjoyed the first real Thanksgiving aboard the space station, complete with a cardboard turkey as decoration. The following year’s orbital Thanksgiving celebration included the largest number of people to that time, the combined 10 crewmembers of Expedition 5, STS-113, and Expedition 6. After a busy day that included the first Thanksgiving Day spacewalk from the space station, the crews settled down to a dinner of smoked turkey, mashed potatoes, and green beans with mushrooms. Blueberry-cherry cobbler rounded out the meal.

The crews of Expeditions 18 and STS-126 share a Thanksgiving meal in the space shuttle middeck in 2008.

Expedition 18 crew members NASA astronauts E. Michael Fincke and Gregory E. Chamitoff and Yuri V. Lonchakov representing Roscosmos, welcomed the STS-126 crew of NASA astronauts Christopher J. Ferguson, Eric A. Boe, Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper, Donald R. Pettit, Stephen G. Bowen, R. Shane Kimbrough, and Sandra H. Magnus during Thanksgiving in 2008. They dined in the space shuttle Endeavour’s middeck on smoked turkey, candied yams, green beans and mushrooms, cornbread dressing and a cranapple dessert. 

The following year saw the largest and an internationally diverse group celebrating Thanksgiving in space. The six Expedition 21 crew members, NASA astronauts Jeffrey N. Williams and Nicole P. Stott, Roman Y. Romanenko and Maksim V. Suraev of Roscosmos, Frank L. DeWinne of the European Space Agency, and Robert B. Thirsk of the Canadian Space Agency hosted the six members of the STS-129 crew, NASA astronauts Charles O. Hobaugh, Barry E. Wilmore, Michael J. Foreman, Robert L. Satcher, Randolph J. Bresnik, and Leland D. Melvin. The twelve assembled crew members represented the United States, Russia, Belgium, and Canada. The celebration took place two days early, since the shuttle undocked from the space station on Thanksgiving Day.

Expedition 42 crew members enjoy Thanksgiving dinner aboard the International Space Station in 2014.
Expedition 45 crew members gather at Thanksgiving dinner table aboard the orbital outpost in 2015.
Expedition 50 crew members at the Thanksgiving dinenr table aboard the orbiting laboratory in 2016.

Image Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Article Credit: John Uri/JSC
Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024

#NASA #Space #Science #ISS #SpaceShuttle #Mir #Skylab #Earth #ThanksgivingHoliday #Astronauts #Cosmonauts #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #InternationalCooperation #HumanSpaceflight #UnitedStates #Mexico #Japan #Canada #Ukraine #ESA #Begium #Expedition72 #History #STEM #Education

Caught in a Stellar Dust Trap: New Planet Carves Way Through Parent Star's Disc

Caught in a Stellar Dust Trap: New Planet Carves Way Through Parent Star's Disc

This image from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) shows V1247 Orionis, a young, hot star surrounded by a dynamic ring of gas and dust, known as a circumstellar disc. This disc can be seen here in two parts: a clearly defined central ring of matter and a more delicate crescent structure located further out.

The region between the ring and crescent, visible as a dark strip, is thought to be caused by a young planet carving its way through the disc. As the planet orbits around its parent star, its motion creates areas of high pressure on either side of its path, similar to how a ship creates bow waves as it cuts through water. These areas of high pressure could become protective barriers around sites of planet formation; dust particles are trapped within them for millions of years, allowing them the time and space to clump together and grow.

The exquisite resolution of ALMA allows astronomers to study the intricate structure of such a dust trapping vortex for the first time. The image reveals not only the crescent-shaped dust trap at the outer edge of the dark strip, but also regions of excess dust within the ring, possibly indicating a second dust trap that formed inside of the potential planet’s orbit. This confirms the predictions of earlier computer simulations.

Dust trapping is one potential solution to a major stumbling block in current theories of how planets form. This theory predicts that particles should drift into the central star and be destroyed before they have time to grow to planetesimal sizes (the radial drift problem).


Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Kraus (University of Exeter, UK)
Release Date: Oct. 16, 2017

#NASA #ESO #Space #Astronomy #Science #Stars #Star #V1247Orionis #CircumstellarMaterial #ProtoplanetaryDisc #Planets #Exoplanets #Orion #Constellation #Astrophysics #MilkyWayGalaxy #Cosmos #Universe #ALMA #RadioTelescopes #Chile #Europe #STEM #Education

Proplyd Atlas of The Orion Nebula | Hubble Space Telescope

Proplyd Atlas of The Orion Nebula | Hubble Space Telescope


This atlas features 30 proplyds, or protoplanetary discs, that were discovered in the majestic Orion Nebula. Using the wide field channel on Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), astronomers discovered a total of 42 new discs that could be the seeds of planetary systems to come.

The Orion Nebula (Messier 42) is 1,500 light-years away. It is the nearest star-forming region to Earth within our Milky Way Galaxy. The Orion Nebula is estimated to be 24 light-years across. This nebula has revealed much about the process of how stars and planetary systems are formed from collapsing clouds of gas and dust. Astronomers have directly observed protoplanetary disks and brown dwarfs within the nebula, intense and turbulent motions of the gas, and the photo-ionizing effects of massive nearby stars in the nebula.

Within the awe-inspiring, gaseous folds of Orion, researchers have identified two different types of discs around young and forming stars: those that lie close to the brightest star in the cluster (Theta 1 Orionis C) and those farther away from it. The bright star heats up the gas in the nearby discs, causing them to shine brightly. The discs that are farther away do not receive enough of the energetic radiation from the star to set the gas ablaze; thus, they can only be detected as dark silhouettes against the background of the bright nebula, as the dust that surrounds these discs absorbs background visible light. By studying these silhouetted discs, astronomers are better able to characterize the properties of the dust grains that are thought to bind together and possibly form planets like our own.

In the brighter discs the excited material produces many glowing cusps that all face the bright star. However, from our point of view are randomly oriented through the nebula, so we see a portion edge on, and others face on, for instance. Other interesting features enhance the look of these captivating objects, such as emerging jets of matter and shock waves. The dramatic shock waves are formed when the stellar wind from the nearby massive star collides with the gas in the nebula, sculpting boomerang shapes or arrows or even, in the case of 181-825, a space jellyfish!

It is relatively rare to see visible images of proplyds, but the high resolution and sensitivity of Hubble and the Orion Nebula’s proximity to Earth allow for precise views of these potential planetary systems.

Credit: NASA/ESA and L. Ricci (ESO)
Release Date: Dec. 14, 2009

#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Space #Science #Proplyds #ProtoplanetaryDiscs #Stars #StarFormation #Nebula #OrionNebula #Messier42 #M42 #NGC1976 #TrapeziumCluster #Orion #Constellation #MilkyWayGalaxy #Cosmos #Universe #HubbleSpaceTelescope #HST #STScI #UnitedStates #Europe #Infographic #STEM #Education

Sample Regions of The Orion Nebula | European Southern Observatory

Sample Regions of The Orion Nebula | European Southern Observatory

The Orion Nebula (Messier 42) is 1,500 light-years away. It is the nearest star-forming region to Earth within our Milky Way Galaxy. The Orion Nebula is estimated to be 24 light-years across. This nebula has revealed much about the process of how stars and planetary systems are formed from collapsing clouds of gas and dust. Astronomers have directly observed protoplanetary disks and brown dwarfs within the nebula, intense and turbulent motions of the gas, and the photo-ionizing effects of massive nearby stars in the nebula.

On the upper-left, the central region of Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) view of the Orion Nebula is shown, centered on the four dazzling stars of the Trapezium. A rich cluster of young stars can be seen here that is invisible in normal, visible light images. In the lower-right panel, the part of the nebula to the north of the center is shown. Here there are many young stars embedded in the dust clouds that are only apparent because their infrared glow can penetrate the dust and be detected by the VISTA camera. Many outflows, jets and other interactions from young stars are apparent, seen in the infrared glow from molecular hydrogen and showing up as red blobs. On the upper-right, a region to the west of center is shown. Here the fierce ultraviolet light from the Trapezium is sculpting the gas clouds into curious wavy shapes. A distant edge-on spiral galaxy is also seen shining right through the nebula. At the lower-left a region south of the center is shown. Each extract covers a region of sky about nine arcminutes across.


Credit: European Southern Observatory (ESO)/J. Emerson/VISTA
Acknowledgment: Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit
Release Date: Feb. 10, 2010

#NASA #ESO #Astronomy #Space #Science #Stars #StarFormation #Nebula #OrionNebula #Messier42 #M42 #NGC1976 #TrapeziumCluster #Orion #Constellation #MilkyWayGalaxy #Cosmos #Universe #VISTATelescope #InfraredAstronomy #ParanalObservatory #Chile #Europe #Infographic #STEM #Education

NASA's SpaceX Crew-10 Preparing for 2025 Launch | International Space Station

NASA's SpaceX Crew-10 Preparing for 2025 Launch | International Space Station

Official crew portrait of NASA's SpaceX Crew-10 members:
 (from left) Mission Specialist Kirill Peskov of Roscosmos (Russia); Pilot Nicole Ayers and Commander Anne McClain, both NASA astronauts; and Mission Specialist Takuya Onishi from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Veteran NASA astronaut & spacewalker Anne McClain  Commander of NASA's SpaceX Crew-10 Mission 
NASA astronaut Nichole Ayers and Pilot of NASA's SpaceX Crew-10 Mission
SpaceX Crew-10 members Nichole Ayers and Anne McClain
SpaceX Crew-10 members Nichole Ayers and Anne McClain
SpaceX Crew-10 Commander Anne McClain
SpaceX Crew-10 members Nichole Ayers and Anne McClain
The SpaceX Crew-10 Mission Emblem

Four crew members are preparing to launch for a long-duration stay aboard the International Space Station. NASA astronauts Commander Anne McClain and Pilot Nichole Ayers, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Mission Specialist Takuya Onishi, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Mission Specialist Kirill Peskov of Russia will join astronauts at the orbiting laboratory no earlier than February 2025.

The flight is the 10th crew rotation with SpaceX to the station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program (CCP). While aboard, the international crew will conduct scientific investigations and technology demonstrations to help prepare humans for future missions and benefit people on Earth.

Veteran Astronaut Anne McClain NASA Biography:

Astronaut Nichole Ayers NASA Biography:

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Mission Specialist Takuya Onishi Biography:

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.

Image Credits: SpaceX/NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)/Bill Stafford/Helen Arase Vargas
Image Dates: Sept. 26-Nov. 27, 2024

#NASA #Space #ISS #Science #SpaceXCrew10 #SpaceX #CrewDragonSpacecraft #Falcon9Rocket #Astronauts #AnneMcClain #Crew10MissionCommander #NicholeAyers #TakuyaOnishi #Japan #日本 #Cosmonaut #KirillPeskov #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #HumanSpaceflight #InternationalCooperation #CCP #Expedition72 #Expedition73 #JSC #Hawthorne #California #UnitedStates #STEM #Education

Martian Landscapes: November 2024 | NASA's Curiosity & Perseverance Rovers

Martian Landscapes: November 2024 | NASA's Curiosity & Perseverance Rovers

MSL - sol 4375
Mars 2020 - sol 1341
Mars 2020 - sol 1341
Mars 2020 - sol 1341

Support FriendsofNASA.org

Celebrating 12+ Years on Mars (2012-2024)

Mission Name: Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
Rover Name: Curiosity
Main Job: To determine if Mars was ever habitable to microbial life. 
Launch: Nov. 6, 2011
Landing Date: Aug. 5, 2012, Gale Crater, Mars

Celebrating 3+ Years on Mars

Mission Name: Mars 2020
Rover Name: Perseverance
Main Job: Seek signs of ancient life and collect samples of rock and regolith (broken rock and soil) for return to Earth.
Launch: July 30, 2020    
Landing: Feb. 18, 2021, Jezero Crater, Mars

For more information on NASA's Mars missions, visit: mars.nasa.gov

Image Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS
Processing: Kevin M. Gill
Image Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024

#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Mars #RedPlanet #Planet #Astrobiology #Geology #CuriosityRover #MSL #MountSharp #GaleCrater #PerseveranceRover #Mars2020 #JezeroCrater #Robotics #SpaceTechnology #SpaceEngineering #JPL #Caltech #UnitedStates #CitizenScience #KevinGill #STEM #Education

Wednesday, November 27, 2024

Blue Ghost's Journey to The Moon | Firefly Aerospace | NASA CLPS Program

Blue Ghost's Journey to The Moon | Firefly Aerospace | NASA CLPS Program

Firefly’s first Blue Ghost mission, named Ghost Riders in the Sky, will deliver 10 scientific instruments and technology demonstrations to the lunar surface as part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative. Upon launching in mid-January 2025, Blue Ghost will spend approximately 45 days in transit to the Moon, allowing ample time to conduct health checks on each subsystem and begin payload science. Blue Ghost will then land in Mare Crisium and operate payloads for a complete lunar day (about 14 Earth days). Following payload operations, Blue Ghost will capture imagery of the lunar sunset and provide critical data on how lunar regolith reacts to solar influences during lunar dusk conditions. The lander will then operate for several hours into the lunar night. 

For more information on Blue Ghost mission visit: https://fireflyspace.com/missions/blue-ghost-mission-1/

Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission One lander will be launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. A six-day launch window opens no earlier than mid-January 2025 for the first Firefly Aerospace launch to the lunar surface.

Firefly's Blue Ghost mission will land near a volcanic feature called Mons Latreille within Mare Crisium, a more than 300-mile-wide basin located in the northeast quadrant of the lunar near side. The mission will carry NASA investigations and first-of-their-kind technology demonstrations to further our understanding of the Moon’s environment and help prepare for future human missions to the lunar surface, as part of the agency’s Moon to Mars exploration approach. 

It includes payloads testing lunar subsurface drilling, regolith sample collection, global navigation satellite system abilities, radiation tolerant computing, and lunar dust mitigation. The data captured also benefits humanity by providing insights into how space weather and other cosmic forces impact Earth.

Under the CLPS model, NASA is investing in commercial delivery services to the Moon to enable industry growth and support long-term lunar exploration. As a primary customer for CLPS deliveries, NASA aims to be one of many customers on future flights.

As part of its Artemis campaign, NASA is working with multiple U.S. companies to deliver science and technology to the lunar surface. These companies are eligible to bid on task orders to deliver NASA payloads to the Moon. The task order includes payload integration and operations and launching from Earth and landing on the surface of the Moon. Existing CLPS contracts are indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contracts with a cumulative maximum contract value of $2.6 billion through 2028.

For more information about NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative, see: https://www.nasa.gov/clps


Video Credit: Firefly Aerospace
Article Credit: Firefly Aerospace/NASA/CLPS
Duration: 1 minute, 38 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024


#NASA #Space #Astronomy #Science #Moon #MareCrisium #LunarPayloadServices #CLPS #CommercialSpace #ArtemisProgram #DeepSpace #MoonToMars #FireflyAerospace #BlueGhostMissionOne #Robotics #LunarLander #LunarSpacecraft #Engineering #SpaceTechnology #SpaceExploration #SolarSystem #SpaceX #Falcon9Rocket #KSC #Florida #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Animation #HD #Video

Galaxy NGC 2090 in Visible/UV vs. Infrared Light | Hubble & Webb Telescope Views

Galaxy NGC 2090 in Visible/UV vs. Infrared Light | Hubble & Webb Telescope Views

The first picture comes from the NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope. The second image that transitions in is from the NASA/European Space Agency/Canadian Space Agency James Webb Space Telescope. They both show the spiral galaxy NGC 2090 located in the constellation Columba. 

By combining data from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), we can see infrared views of the galaxy’s two winding spiral arms and the swirling gas and dust of its disc in magnificent and unique detail.

This was one of the group of galaxies studied early on by the NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope, observing Cepheid variable stars in it as part of refining the measurement of the Hubble constant. The Cepheid-based measurement from that study in 1998 put NGC 2090 as 37 million light-years away; the newest measurements have NGC 2090 slightly farther away, at 40 million light-years. Hubble is to this day surveying galaxies in visible and ultraviolet (UV) light.

Before and since that project, NGC 2090 has been well studied as a very prominent nearby example of star formation. It has been described as a flocculent spiral, meaning a spiral galaxy with a patchy, dusty disc and arms that are flaky or not visible at all. Visible-light images show this well, but the near-infrared data from NIRCam used in this image reveal the spiral arms with remarkable clarity. NIRCam also picks up bright light from stars, displayed by the blue colors most visible in the center. Meanwhile, mid-infrared light emitted mainly by the important carbon-based compounds known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along the many strands of gas and dust is captured by MIRI and shown here in red.

These data on NGC 2090 were collected as part of an observing program (#3707) taking a census of nearby massive, star-forming galaxies much like it. These galaxies are at just the right distance, with the right size and level of activity, that Webb’s instruments can capture a comprehensive picture of the star-forming activity, including the tightly-bound clusters that stars often form in, and the clouds of gas in the galaxy where stars can be born. The rich collection of detailed images like this one will be of value to astronomers studying this area for years to come.


Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Leroy, N. Bartmann (ESA/Webb)
Duration: 30 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024

#NASA #ESA #Astronomy #Hubble #Space #Galaxies #Galaxy #NGC2090 #Columba #SpiralGalaxy #FlocculentSpiral #HubbleConstant #CepheidVariableStars #TFDistanceMethod #Constellation #Cosmos #Universe #UnfoldTheUniverse #HST #JWST #InfraredAstronomy #Europe #CSA #Canada #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Close-up View: Spiral Galaxy NGC 2090 in Infrared | Webb Telescope

Close-up View: Spiral Galaxy NGC 2090 in Infrared | Webb Telescope


This NASA/European Space Agency/Canadian Space Agency James Webb Space Telescope picture shows the spiral galaxy NGC 2090 located in the constellation Columba. This combination of data from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) shows the galaxy’s two winding spiral arms and the swirling gas and dust of its disc in magnificent and unique detail.

This was one of the group of galaxies studied early on by the NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope, observing Cepheid variable stars in it as part of refining the measurement of the Hubble constant. The Cepheid-based measurement from that study in 1998 put NGC 2090 as 37 million light-years away; the newest measurements have NGC 2090 slightly farther away, at 40 million light-years. Hubble is to this day surveying galaxies in visible and ultraviolet light.

Before and since that project, NGC 2090 has been well studied as a very prominent nearby example of star formation. It has been described as a flocculent spiral, meaning a spiral galaxy with a patchy, dusty disc and arms that are flaky or not visible at all. Visible-light images show this well, but the near-infrared data from NIRCam used in this image reveal the spiral arms with remarkable clarity. NIRCam also picks up bright light from stars, displayed by the blue colors most visible in the center. Meanwhile, mid-infrared light emitted mainly by the important carbon-based compounds known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along the many strands of gas and dust is captured by MIRI and shown here in red.

These data on NGC 2090 were collected as part of an observing program (#3707) taking a census of nearby massive, star-forming galaxies much like it. These galaxies are at just the right distance, with the right size and level of activity, that Webb’s instruments can capture a comprehensive picture of the star-forming activity, including the tightly-bound clusters that stars often form in, and the clouds of gas in the galaxy in which stars can be born. The rich collection of detailed images like this one will be of value to astronomers studying this area for years to come.

Image Description: A spiral galaxy with a wide, oval-shaped disc. It has a shining spot at the center where two curving, pale red spiral arms emerge, wrapping once each around the galaxy. They are surrounded by a whirl of bright threads and patches of dust with spots of star formation scattered throughout. The glow of the disc fades smoothly into the background where patches of dust can be seen, as well as foreground stars.


Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Leroy, N. Bartmann (ESA/Webb)
Duration: 30 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024

#NASA #ESA #Astronomy #Space #Galaxies #Galaxy #NGC2090 #Columba #SpiralGalaxy #FlocculentSpiral #HubbleConstant #CepheidVariableStars #TFDistanceMethod #Constellation #Cosmos #Universe #UnfoldTheUniverse #JWST #InfraredAstronomy #Europe #CSA #Canada #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Spiral Galaxy NGC 2090: Tracing Spiral Arms in Infrared | Webb Telescope

Spiral Galaxy NGC 2090: Tracing Spiral Arms in Infrared | Webb Telescope

This NASA/European Space Agency/Canadian Space Agency James Webb Space Telescope picture shows the spiral galaxy NGC 2090, located in the constellation Columba. This combination of data from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) shows the galaxy’s two winding spiral arms and the swirling gas and dust of its disc in magnificent and unique detail.

This was one of the group of galaxies studied early on by the NASA/European Space Agency Hubble Space Telescope, observing Cepheid variable stars in it as part of refining the measurement of the Hubble constant. The Cepheid-based measurement from that study in 1998 put NGC 2090 as 37 million light-years away; the newest measurements have NGC 2090 slightly farther away, at 40 million light-years. Hubble is to this day surveying galaxies in visible and ultraviolet light.

Before and since that project, NGC 2090 has been well studied as a very prominent nearby example of star formation. It has been described as a flocculent spiral, meaning a spiral galaxy with a patchy, dusty disc and arms that are flaky or not visible at all. Visible-light images show this well, but the near-infrared data from NIRCam used in this image reveal the spiral arms with remarkable clarity. NIRCam also picks up bright light from stars, displayed by the blue colors most visible in the center. Meanwhile, mid-infrared light emitted mainly by the important carbon-based compounds known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along the many strands of gas and dust is captured by MIRI and shown here in red.

These data on NGC 2090 were collected as part of an observing program (#3707) taking a census of nearby massive, star-forming galaxies much like it. These galaxies are at just the right distance, with the right size and level of activity, that Webb’s instruments can capture a comprehensive picture of the star-forming activity, including the tightly-bound clusters that stars often form in, and the clouds of gas in the galaxy in which stars can be born. The rich collection of detailed images like this one will be of value to astronomers studying this area for years to come.

Image Description: A spiral galaxy with a wide, oval-shaped disc. It has a shining spot at the center where two curving, pale red spiral arms emerge, wrapping once each around the galaxy. They are surrounded by a whirl of bright threads and patches of dust with spots of star formation scattered throughout. The glow of the disc fades smoothly into the background where patches of dust can be seen, as well as foreground stars.


Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Leroy
Release Date: Nov. 25, 2024

#NASA #ESA #Astronomy #Space #Galaxies #Galaxy #NGC2090 #Columba #SpiralGalaxy #FlocculentSpiral #HubbleConstant #CepheidVariableStars #TFDistanceMethod #Constellation #Cosmos #Universe #UnfoldTheUniverse #JWST #InfraredAstronomy #Europe #CSA #Canada #GSFC #STScI #UnitedStates #Europe #STEM #Education

NASA's Space to Ground—Six Minutes of Serenity | Week of Nov. 27, 2024

NASA's Space to Ground—Six Minutes of Serenity | Week of Nov. 27, 2024

Take some time during this holiday season and enjoy a few minutes of serenity as we offer a glimpse of the beauty of our home planet from the vantage point of the International Space Station.

Happy Thanksgiving!


Expedition 72 Crew
Station Commander: Suni Williams
Roscosmos (Russia): Alexey Ovchinin, Ivan Vagner, Aleksandr Gorbunov
NASA: Butch Wilmore, Don Pettit, Nick Hague

An international partnership of space agencies provides and operates the elements of the International Space Station (ISS). The principals are the space agencies of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.

Learn more about the important research being operated on Station:
https://www.nasa.gov/iss-science 
For more information about STEM on Station:
https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation
Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM)


Video Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Duration: 6 minutes, 39 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024


#NASA #Space #Science #ISS #Earth #ThanksgivingHoliday #Astronauts #Astronaut #DonPettit #SpaceArt #Cosmonauts #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #InternationalCooperation #LongDurationMissions #SpaceLaboratory #HumanSpaceflight #UnitedStates #Expedition72 #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Liftoff of China's Landspace Zhuque-2E Methalox Commercial Rocket

Liftoff of China's Landspace Zhuque-2E Methalox Commercial Rocket


At 10am China Standard Time (CST) on Wednesday, November 27, 2024, an improved Landspace Zhuque-2E (ZQ-2E Y1) methane/liquid oxygen-fueled (methalox/CH4) carrier rocket was launched at the Dongfeng Commercial Space Innovation Zone within China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The rocket successfully delivered the Guangchuan-01 and Guangchuan-02 experimental satellites into their designated orbits, marking the complete success of its test flight.

Chinese private aerospace company Landspace is a commercial world leader in methane/liquid oxygen powered rocket engines that have proved capable of delivering payloads to low-Earth orbit.

The new Zhuque-2E rocket has upgraded first stage engines and a new second stage with an engine nozzle that swivels. The Zhuque-2E will finally reach the 6 metric ton low-Earth orbit (LEO)/4 metric ton Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) capability Landspace planned. China's pioneering commercial space launch company, LandSpace, now has the opportunity to send heavy satellite payloads to Earth orbit before SpaceX's Starship does using methane/liquid oxygen engines.

LandSpace Technology Corporation is a Chinese commercial space launch provider based in Beijing. It was founded in 2015 by Zhang Changwu. In July 2023, the company's Zhuque-2 rocket became the first methane-fueled orbital launch vehicle in the world after reaching orbit on its second flight. LandSpace planned three Zhuque-2 launches in 2024 and another six in 2025.

Zhuque-2E Y1 Methalox Rocket Data Sheet:

47.3m*3.35m, 220t liftoff mass

4 TQ-12 methalox engines provide 282t liftoff thrust

1 TQ-15A vacuum engine in 2nd stage

Mission profile:

T+140s 1st stage off

T+143s stagging

T+145s 2nd stage ignition

T+214s fairings jettison

T+243s throttling to 60%

T+395s 2nd stage off

T+505s satellites separation

2 satellites to 300km*500km*50° LEO


Image Credit: Landspace
Duration: 37 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024

#NASA #Space #Satellites #Guangchuan01 #Guangchuan02 #Earth #China #中国 #LandSpace #蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 #蓝箭 #ZhuQue2Rocket #Zhuque2E #ZQ2EY1 #LaunchVehicle #MethaneLiquidOxygen #CH4LOX #SpaceTechnology #酒泉卫星发射中心 #InnerMongolia #CommercialSpace #CommercialSpaceflight #STEM #Education #HD #Video

Launch of China's Landspace Zhuque-2E Methalox Commercial Rocket

Launch of China's Landspace Zhuque-2E Methalox Commercial Rocket










At 10am China Standard Time (CST) on Wednesday, November 27, 2024, an improved Landspace Zhuque-2E (ZQ-2E Y1) methane/liquid oxygen-fueled (methalox/CH4) carrier rocket was launched at the Dongfeng Commercial Space Innovation Zone within China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The rocket successfully delivered the Guangchuan-01 and Guangchuan-02 experimental satellites into their designated orbits, marking the complete success of its test flight.

Chinese private aerospace company Landspace is a commercial world leader in methane/liquid oxygen powered rocket engines that have proved capable of delivering payloads to low-Earth orbit.

The new Zhuque-2E rocket has upgraded first stage engines and a new second stage with an engine nozzle that swivels. The Zhuque-2E will finally reach the 6 metric ton low-Earth orbit (LEO)/4 metric ton Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) capability Landspace planned. China's pioneering commercial space launch company, LandSpace, now has the opportunity to send heavy satellite payloads to Earth orbit before SpaceX's Starship does using methane/liquid oxygen engines.

LandSpace Technology Corporation is a Chinese commercial space launch provider based in Beijing. It was founded in 2015 by Zhang Changwu. In July 2023, the company's Zhuque-2 rocket became the first methane-fueled orbital launch vehicle in the world after reaching orbit on its second flight. LandSpace planned three Zhuque-2 launches in 2024 and another six in 2025.

Zhuque-2E Y1 Methalox Rocket Data Sheet:

47.3m*3.35m, 220t liftoff mass

4 TQ-12 methalox engines provide 282t liftoff thrust

1 TQ-15A vacuum engine in 2nd stage

Mission profile:

T+140s 1st stage off

T+143s stagging

T+145s 2nd stage ignition

T+214s fairings jettison

T+243s throttling to 60%

T+395s 2nd stage off

T+505s satellites separation

2 satellites to 300km*500km*50° LEO


Image Credit: Landspace
Release Date: Nov. 27, 2024

#NASA #Space #Satellites #Guangchuan01 #Guangchuan02 #Earth #China #中国 #LandSpace #蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 #蓝箭 #ZhuQue2Rocket #Zhuque2E #ZQ2EY1 #LaunchVehicle #MethaneLiquidOxygen #CH4LOX #SpaceTechnology #酒泉卫星发射中心 #InnerMongolia #CommercialSpace #CommercialSpaceflight #STEM #Education

Tuesday, November 26, 2024

NASA’s Europa Clipper: Millions of Miles Down, Instruments Deploying | JPL

NASA’s Europa Clipper: Millions of Miles Down, Instruments Deploying | JPL

This animation demonstrates how the boom of Europa Clipper’s magnetometer deployed—while the spacecraft was in flight—to its full length of 28 feet (8.5 meters). Headed to Jupiter’s moon Europa, the Europa Clipper spacecraft is operating without a hitch and will reach Mars in just three months for a gravity assist.

NASA’s Europa Clipper, launched Oct. 14, 2024, on a journey to Jupiter’s ocean moon Europa, is already 13 million miles (20 million kilometers) from Earth. Two science instruments have deployed hardware that will remain at attention, extending out from the spacecraft, for the next decade—through the cruise to Jupiter and the entire prime mission.

A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket launched the Europa Clipper spacecraft away from Earth’s gravity, and now the spacecraft is zooming along at 22 miles per second (35 kilometers per second) relative to the Sun. Europa Clipper is the largest spacecraft NASA has ever developed for a planetary mission. It will travel 1.8 billion miles (2.9 billion kilometers) to arrive at Jupiter in 2030 and in 2031 will begin a series of 49 flybys, using a suite of instruments to gather data that will tell scientists if the icy moon and its internal ocean have the conditions needed to harbor life.

For now, the information mission teams are receiving from the spacecraft is strictly engineering data (the science will come later), telling them how the hardware is operating. Things are looking good. The team has a checklist of actions the spacecraft needs to take as it travels deeper into space. 

Here is a peek:

Boom Times

Shortly after launch, the spacecraft deployed its massive solar arrays that extend the length of a basketball court. Next on the list was the magnetometer’s boom. It uncoiled from a canister mounted on the spacecraft body, extending a full 28 feet (8.5 meters).

To confirm that all went well with the boom deployment, the team relied on data from the magnetometer’s three sensors. Once the spacecraft is at Jupiter, these sensors will measure the magnetic field around Europa, both confirming the presence of the ocean thought to be under the moon’s icy crust and telling scientists about its depth and salinity.

On the Radar

After the magnetometer, the spacecraft deployed several antennas for the radar instrument. Now extending crosswise from the solar arrays, the four high-frequency antennas form what look like two long poles, each measuring 57.7 feet (17.6 meters) long. Eight rectangular very-high-frequency antennas, each 9 feet (2.76 meters) long, were also deployed—two on the two solar arrays.

“It’s an exciting time on the spacecraft, getting these key deployments done,” said Europa Clipper project manager Jordan Evans of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “Most of what the team is focusing on now is understanding the small, interesting things in the data that help them understand the behavior of the spacecraft on a deeper level. That’s really good to see.”

Instrument Checkout

The remaining seven instruments will be powered on and off through December 2024 and January 2025 so that engineers can check their health. Several instruments, including the visible imager and the gas and dust mass spectrometers, will keep their protective covers closed for the next three or so years to guard against potential damage from the Sun during Europa Clipper’s time in the inner solar system.

Mars-Bound

Once all the instruments and engineering subsystems have been checked out, mission teams will shift their focus to Mars. On March 1, 2025, Europa Clipper will reach Mars’ orbit and begin to loop around the Red Planet, using the planet’s gravity to gain speed. (This effect is similar to how a ball thrown at a moving train will bounce off the train in another direction at a higher speed.) Mission navigators already have completed one trajectory correction maneuver, as planned, to get the spacecraft on the precise course.

At Mars, scientists plan to turn on the spacecraft’s thermal imager to capture multicolored images of Mars as a test operation. They also plan to collect data with the radar instrument so engineers can be sure it is operating as expected.

The spacecraft will perform another gravity assist in December 2026, swooping by Earth before making the remainder of the long journey to the Jupiter system. At that time, the magnetometer will measure Earth’s magnetic field, calibrating the instrument.

More About Europa Clipper

Europa Clipper’s three main science objectives are to determine the thickness of the moon’s icy shell and its interactions with the ocean below, to investigate its composition, and to characterize its geology. The mission’s detailed exploration of Europa will help scientists better understand the astrobiological potential for habitable worlds beyond our planet.

Managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California, JPL leads the development of the Europa Clipper mission in partnership with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. APL designed the main spacecraft body in collaboration with JPL and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The Planetary Missions Program Office at Marshall executes program management of the Europa Clipper mission. NASA’s Launch Services Program, based at Kennedy, managed the launch service for the Europa Clipper spacecraft.

Find more information about Europa Clipper here:

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Duration: 23 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 25, 2024


#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #EuropaClipper #EuropaClipperSpacecraft #ScienceInstruments #Magnetometer #Mars #Jupiter #Europa #Moon #OceanWorlds #Geology #Astrobiology #Biosignatures #Radiation #Habitability #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #JPL #Caltech #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #Animation #HD #Video

NASA "Espacio a Tierra" | El arte de la ciencia espacial: 08 de noviembre de 2024

NASA "Espacio a Tierra" | El arte de la ciencia espacial: 08 de noviembre de 2024

Espacio a Tierra, la versión en español de las cápsulas Space to Ground de la NASA, te informa semanalmente de lo que está sucediendo en la Estación Espacial Internacional.

Aprende más sobre la ciencia a bordo de la estación espacial: https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/ciencia-en-la-estacion/

Ciencia de la NASA: https://ciencia.nasa.gov

Para obtener más información sobre la ciencia de la NASA, suscríbete al boletín semanal: https://www.nasa.gov/suscribete


Video Credit: NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC)
Duration: 3 minutes, 49 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 26, 2024


#NASA #Space #Science #ISS #Earth #NASAenespañol #español #SpaceX #SpaceXDragonSpacecraft #Reboost #SpaceArt #DonPettit #Astronauts #Cosmonauts #Russia #Россия #Roscosmos #Роскосмос #InternationalCooperation #LongDurationMissions #HumanSpaceflight #SpaceLaboratory #UnitedStates #Expedition72 #STEM #Education #HD #Video

NASA's Launch Services Program: 2024 Highlights | Kennedy Space Center

NASA's Launch Services Program: 2024 Highlights | Kennedy Space Center

NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) started in 2024 with plans to keep up a steady "PACE"! How did that "GOES"? It was twice over successful with PREFIRE and a Demo 2 lift off from distant launch pads before we set sail for Europa. We recap a stellar year of science missions!

NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) is responsible for launching rockets delivering spacecraft that observe the Earth, visit other planets and explore the universe—from weather satellites to telescopes to Mars rovers and more.

LSP functions as a broker, matching spacecraft with the best-suited rockets, managing the launch process, providing support from pre-mission planning to post-launch. LSP helps implement NASA’s policy of a mixed-fleet launch strategy that uses both existing and emerging domestic launch capabilities to assure access to space.

NASA’s Launch Services Program is based at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Learn more about NASA’s Launch Services Program:
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/launchingrockets/index.html


Video Credit: NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC)
Duration: 1 minute, 26 seconds
Release Date: Nov. 26, 2024

#NASA #NOAA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Satellites #Earth #WeatherSatellites #Planets #Jupiter #Europa #Moon #EuropaClipper #Spacecraft #SolarSystem #SpaceExploration #EarthObservation #RemoteSensing #APL #MSFC #GSFC #JPL #LaunchServicesProgram #LSP #KSC #Spaceport #MerrittIsland #Florida #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video